Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/peth₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

*pet-^[1]

Etymology

Existing in variations, *pet-, *peth₁-, *peth₂-.^[2]

Root

*peth₂-

to spread out
to fly (through the sense ‘spread one’s wings’)

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peth₂- (39 c, 0 e)

*péth₂-e-ti (thematic root present)
*pe-póth₂-e (stative)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *papā́ta
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *papā́ta
    - Sanskrit: पपात (papā́ta)
*pí-pth₂-e-ti (reduplicated thematic present)
- Proto-Hellenic: *píptō
  - Ancient Greek: πίπτω (píptō), πίσσω (píssō) — Aeolic
    - Greek: πέφτω (péfto)
*pt-né-h₂-ti ~ *pt-n-h₂-énti (nasal-infix present)^[3]
- Ancient Greek: πίτνημι (pítnēmi)
- Proto-Italic: *patnō
  - Latin: pandō (see there for further descendants)
*pot(h₂)-éye-ti^[4]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pāt(H)áyati
  - Proto-Iranian: *pāt(H)áyati
    - Sanskrit: पातयति (pātáyati, “to cause to fly, throw, send; to cause to fall, fell; to spill, pour”)
*péth₂-lom (“leaf”)
- Proto-Hellenic: *pétalon
  - Ancient Greek: πέτᾰλον (pétalon) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *feþlą (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pátram
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pátram
    - Sanskrit: पत्र (pátra, “leaf”), पत्त्र (pattra) (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-Iranian: *pátram
    - Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬙𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (patar^əta, “winged”)
*péth₂-r̥ (“feather, wing”) (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Albanian: *peta
  - Albanian: pjetë
- Proto-Armenian:^[5]^[6]
  - Old Armenian: ընթանամ (əntʻanam)
- Proto-Celtic: *ɸanssā
  - Old Irish: éis
    - Irish: éis
- Proto-Germanic: *faþmaz (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: πετάννῡμι (petánnūmi), πέτασος (pétasos), πέτηλος (pétēlos), ποταμός (potamós), πότμος (pótmos), πετηνός (petēnós), πτῶμα (ptôma), πτῆσις (ptêsis), πτῶσις (ptôsis), πτωτικός (ptōtikós), πτωτός (ptōtós), πτίλον (ptílon), πατάνη (patánē)
- Italic:
  - Latin: pateō (see there for further descendants)
  - Latin: patera (see there for further descendants)
  - Latin: passus (“step”) (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Latin: impetus, praepes, perpetuus (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒? Latin: propitius (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Latin: petulans, petulcus (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 181
^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 122a.note1
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pandō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 442
^ Kulikov, Leonid (2014) “Causative Formation”, in Giannakis, Georgios K., editor, Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek Language and Linguistics‎^[1], volume 1, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 275
^ Klingenschmitt, Gert (1982) Das altarmenische Verbum (in German), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, pages 114–115
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*peth₂”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 479

[IEW-1] Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 181

[2] Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 122a.note1

[3] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pandō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 442

[4] Kulikov, Leonid (2014) “Causative Formation”, in Giannakis, Georgios K., editor, Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek Language and Linguistics‎^[1], volume 1, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 275

[5] Klingenschmitt, Gert (1982) Das altarmenische Verbum (in German), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, pages 114–115

[6] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*peth₂”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 479

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