Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/plewk-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Extended form of *plew- (“to fly, flow, run”).

Root

*plewk-^[1]^[2]^[3]

to fly, flow, run
to splash, to flap with hands

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *plewk- (26 c, 0 e)

*pléwk-e-ti (thematic present)
- Proto-Germanic: *fleuhaną (“to flee”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *fleuganą (“to fly”)^[4] (reanalyzed) (see there for further descendants)
*plowk-yé-ti (o-grade yé-present)
- Proto-Germanic: *flaugijaną (“to fly up”) (see there for further descendants)
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: plaũkti (“to swim”)^[5]
*pluk-yé-ti (0-grade yé-present)
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: plúkti (“to strike, to splash”)
  - → Proto-Slavic: *plyčьkati (“to splash, to crawl in water”) (expressive, extended with *-kati)
- >? Proto-Germanic: *plugijaną (“to plug”) (with unexpected "unshifted" *p)
*plewk-éh₂-ti (éh₂-present)
- Proto-Germanic: *fleugōną (“to fly”)^[6]
*plewk-sḱ-éy-ti (sḱ-inchoative)
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *pľuščiti (“to flap, to press”)
*plewk-éh₂n ~ *pluk-éh₂n (Germ. ōn-stem)
- Proto-Germanic: *fleugǭ / *flugǭ (“fly, flying insect”)^[7]
*plówk-os (o-stem nominal) (possibly)
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: plaûki (“flakes, fibers”)
  - Lithuanian: pláukas (“hair”)^[8]
- Proto-Germanic: *flauhaz (“flea”) (perhaps replacing an extinct reflex of *plúsis by folk etymology) (see there for further descendants)
*pluk-lós (l-participle)
- Proto-Germanic: *fuglaz (“fowl”)^[9] (from earlier *fluglaz by dissimilation) (see there for further descendants)
*pluk-nós (n-participle)
- Proto-Germanic: *flukkaz (“flock”)^[10] (see there for further descendants)
*plú-n-k-sneh₂
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plúnksnāˀ
  - Latvian: plūksnas, plūksnes
  - Lithuanian: plùnksna, plū́ksna
  - Old Prussian: planxdine
*plew(k)-smeh₂
- Proto-Italic: *plow(k)smā^[11]
  - Latin: plūma (see there for further descendants)
*plúk-tis (i-stem t-participle)
- Proto-Germanic: *fluhtiz (“flight”) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Germanic: *fliugika-
- Proto-Germanic: *fluganą
- Proto-Germanic: *flugilaz (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “835–837”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 835–837
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*pleu̯k-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 488
^
^{The template Template:R:ine:AHD does not use the parameter(s): 1=70
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Watkins, Calvert (1985) “pleu-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*fleugan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 146
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “plaũkti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 363
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*fleugōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 146
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*fleugōn”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 146
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “plaukas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 362
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*fugla-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 157
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*flukka(n)”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[5], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 148
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “plūma”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 146: “*plou(k)-smo-”

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “835–837”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 835–837

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*pleu̯k-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 488

[3] {The template Template:R:ine:AHD does not use the parameter(s): 1=70
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Watkins, Calvert (1985) “pleu-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt

[4] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*fleugan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 146

[5] Derksen, Rick (2015) “plaũkti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 363

[6] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*fleugōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 146

[7] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*fleugōn”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 146

[8] Derksen, Rick (2015) “plaukas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 362

[9] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*fugla-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 157

[10] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*flukka(n)”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[5], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 148

[De_Vaan-11] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “plūma”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 146: “*plou(k)-smo-”

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