Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sokʷós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Noun

*sokʷós m (non-ablauting)

1. juice of plants

   Synonym: *swokʷós

Declension

Thematic
	singular
nominative	*sokʷós
genitive	*sokʷósyo
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sokʷós	*sokʷóh₁	*sokʷóes
vocative	*sokʷé	*sokʷóh₁	*sokʷóes
accusative	*sokʷóm	*sokʷóh₁	*sokʷóms
genitive	*sokʷósyo	*?	*sokʷóHom
ablative	*sokʷéad	*?	*sokʷómos, *sokʷóbʰos
dative	*sokʷóey	*?	*sokʷómos, *sokʷóbʰos
locative	*sokʷéy, *sokʷóy	*?	*sokʷóysu
instrumental	*sokʷóh₁	*?	*sokʷṓys

Descendants

• Proto-Albanian: *źaka
  • Albanian: gjak (“blood”)
• Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sakás (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Celtic: *sakʷos (“fir”)
  • ⇒ Proto-Celtic:
    • Proto-Brythonic:
      • Welsh: sybwydd
  • Gaulish: *sappos (“fir tree”)
    • → Latin: sappinus (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Hellenic: *hokʷós
  • Ancient Greek: ὀπός (opós, “juice (of plants)”)
• Proto-Tocharian: *sekwe (“pus”)
  • Tocharian A: saku
  • Tocharian B: sekwe