Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/r̥šíš

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Perhaps from the BMAC substrate.^[1] Or, if the original sense was "lunatic," possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ers- (“to flow”), see also Proto-Germanic *irzijaną, *irzijaz, Sanskrit इरस्यति (irasyati, “to be angry”), Ancient Greek ἐρωή (erōḗ),^[2] Lithuanian aršùs (“fierce, intense”).^[3]^[4]

Noun

*r̥šíš m

seer

Declension

masculine i-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*r̥šíš	*r̥šíH	*r̥šáyas
vocative	*r̥šáy	*r̥šíH	*r̥šáyas
accusative	*r̥ším	*r̥šíH	*r̥šī́n, -ī́š
instrumental	*r̥šíH́	*r̥šíbʰyām	*r̥šíbʰiš
ablative	*r̥šáyš	*r̥šíbʰyām	*r̥šíbʰyas
dative	*r̥šáyay	*r̥šíbʰyām	*r̥šíbʰyas
genitive	*r̥šáyš	*r̥šyáwš	*r̥šáyām?
locative	*r̥šā́(w)?	*r̥šyáwš	*r̥šíšu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ŕ̥ṣiṣ
- Sanskrit: ऋषि (ṛ́ṣi)
  - → Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀇𑀲𑀺 (isi)
  - → Pali: isi
    - → Burmese: ဣသိ (i.si.)
    - → Mon: ဣသိ
    - → Khmer: ឥសី (ʼisəy)
    - → Sinhalese: ඉසි (isi)
    - → Thai: อิสิ (isi)
  - → Romani: raśaj, rashaj (Anglicized), rašaj (Pan-Vlax)
    - → Angloromani: rashai
    - → Traveller Norwegian: rasjo
  - → Bengali: ঋষি (riśi)
  - → Burmese: ရသေ့ (ra.se.)
  - → English: rishi
  - → Hindustani:
    - → Hindi: ऋषि (ŕṣi)
    - → Urdu: رشی (riśī)
  - → Japanese: リシ (rishi)
  - → Kannada: ಋಷಿ (ṛṣi)
  - → Lao: ລືສີ (lư̄ sī)
  - → Marathi: ऋषी (ŕṣī)
  - → Nepali: ऋषि (r̥ṣi)
  - → Old Javanese: rṣi, rĕsi, rĕsi
    - → Javanese: ꦉꦱꦶ (resi, “hermit”)
    - → Balinese: ᬋᬱᬶ (resi, “rishi; holy man; prophet”)
    - → Malay: resi
      - → Indonesian: rêsi (“sage”)
  - → Odia: ଋଷି (r̥ṣi)
  - → Punjabi: ਰਿਸ਼ੀ (riśī), رشی (rśī)
  - → Tamil: ரிஷி (riṣi), ருஷி (ruṣi), இருடி (iruṭi) — tadbhava
  - → Telugu: ఋషి (r̥ṣi)
  - → Thai: ฤๅษี (rʉʉ-sǐi), ฤษี (rʉ́-sǐi), ฤๅษรี — obsolete, ฤาษี (rʉʉ-sǐi) — misspelled
  - → Tocharian A: riṣak
  - → Tocharian B: rṣāke
Proto-Iranian: *r̥šíš
- Avestan: 𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬌𐬱 (ər^əšiš)

References

^ Lubotsky, Alexander (1999) “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎^[1], Helsinki, page 313
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “336-337”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 336-337
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 261
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[3] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 125

[1] Lubotsky, Alexander (1999) “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎^[1], Helsinki, page 313

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “336-337”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 336-337

[3] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 261

[4] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[3] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 125

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