Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/salaq

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /salaʔ/, /salaq/

Adjective

*salaq

wrong, in error (of behavior)

Descendants

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
- Central Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Central Maluku:
    - Alune: sala
    - Asilulu: sala
    - Buru (Indonesia): sala
    - Watubela: sala
  - Kei–Tanimbar:
    - Fordata: sala
    - Yamdena: sale
  - Selaru:
    - Selaru: sal
  - Sumba–Flores:
    - Bima: sala
    - Kambera: hala
    - Manggarai: sala
    - Sabu: hala
  - Timor–Babar:
    - Bilba: sala, salak
    - Kisar: hala
    - Leti: sala
    - Tetun Dili: sala
- Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:
    - Biak: sār
    - Buli (Indonesia): sāl
    - Kowiai: sala
    - Sawai: sole
  - Proto-Oceanic: *salaq
    - Central–Eastern Oceanic:
      - Central Pacific:
        East Fijian–Polynesian:
        Fijian: cala
        Proto-Polynesian: *sala
        Nuclear Polynesian:
        Eastern Polynesian:
        Marquesic:
        Hawaiian: hala
        Mangarevan: hara
        North Marquesan: ha’a
        South Marquesan: ha’a
        Rapa Nui: hara
        Tahitic:
        Maori: hara
        Rarotongan: ‘ara
        Tahitian: hara
        Tuamotuan: hara
        Western Polynesian:
        Ellicean–Outlier:
        Kapingamarangi: hala, hara
        Sikaiana: sala
        Takuu: sala
        Tuvaluan: hala
        Futunic:
        Anuta: tara
        East Futuna: sala
        Emae: sara
        Mele-Fila: sara
        Pukapukan: yala
        Tikopia: sara
        Samoic:
        Samoan: sala
        Tokelauan: hala
        Tongic:
        Niuafo'ou: hala
        Niuean: hala
        Tongan: hala
        West Fijian–Rotuman:
        Rotuman: sara
        Western Fijian: cala
      - Southeast Solomonic:
        'Are'are: tara
        Arosi: tara
        Kwaio: tala
        Lau: tala
        Sa'a: tala
        To'abaita: tala
Western Malayo-Polynesian:
- Basap–Greater Barito:
  - Basap: sala
  - East Barito:
    - Dusun Witu: hala'
    - Malagasy: salasala
    - Tawoyan: sala
  - Sama-Bajaw:
    - Central Sama: sā'
    - Mapun: sā'
    - Yakan: sā'
  - West Barito:
    - Bakumpai: sala
    - Ngaju: sala
- Kayanic:
  - Baram Kayan: sala
  - Murik (Malaysia): sala'
- Land Dayak:
  - Bekati': sara
  - Benyadu': sara'
  - Biatah Bidayuh: sarah
  - Rejang: salea'
- North Bornean:
  - Central Sarawakan:
    - Melanau:
      - Central Melanau: sala'
      - Kanowit: sala'
    - Kajang:
      - Kajaman: sala' (IPA^(key): /çaɮaʔ/)
      - Lahanan: sala' (IPA^(key): /saɮaʔ/)
      - Sekapan: sala' (IPA^(key): /saɮaʔ/)
    - Müller-Schwaner:
      - Aoheng: sala'
      - Hovongan: sala'
      - Kereho: sala'
    - Punan:
      - Bukat: sala'
      - Punan Aput: sala'
      - Punan Bah-Biau: sala'
      - Ukit: sala'
  - North Sarawakan:
    - Dayic:
      - Kelabit: sala'
      - Lun Bawang: sala'
    - Kenyah: sala'
    - Penan:
      - Eastern Penan: sala'
      - Western Penan: sala'
  - Northeast Sabahan:
    - Bonggi: sala'
    - Ida'an: sala'
  - Southwest Sabahan:
    - Dusunic:
      - Central Dusun: sala'
      - Coastal Kadazan: hasa'
      - Kimaragang: sala
      - Rungus: sala
      - Tobilung: sala
    - Murutic:
      - Burusu: sala
      - Timugon Murut: sala
    - Paitanic:
      - Tombonuo: sala', sola'
      - Upper Kinabatangan: sala, salah
- Proto-Philippine: *salaq
  - Batanic:
    - Ivatan: sala
    - Yami: sala
  - Central Luzon:
    - Kapampangan: sala
  - Greater Central Philippine:
    - Central Philippine:
      - Bikol Central: sala
      - Mansaka: sara
      - Tagalog: sala
      - Visayan:
        Aklanon: saea
        Asi: sala
        Cebuano: sala
        Hiligaynon: sala
        Masbatenyo: sala
        Romblomanon: sala
        Waray-Waray: sala
        Tausug: sā'
    - Danao:
      - Maranao: sala
    - Gorontalo–Mongondow:
      - Mongondow: tala
    - Manobo:
      - Binukid: sala
      - Western Bukidnon Manobo: sala
    - Palawan:
      - Brooke's Point Palawano: sala'
      - Central Tagbanwa: sala
      - Tagbanwa: sala'
    - Subanen:
      - Central Subanen: sala'
  - Kalamian:
    - Agutaynen: talak
  - Minahasan:
    - Tontemboan: sala
  - Northern Luzon:
    - Batad Ifugao: halla
    - Keley-I Kallahan: halla, hela
    - Tuwali Ifugao: halla
  - South Mindanao:
    - Tboli: sala
    - Tiruray: sala
  - Sangiric:
    - Sangir: sala
- Celebic:
  - Balantak: sala
  - Banggai: sala
  - Da'a Kaili: sala
  - Muna: sala
  - Pamona: sala
  - Tajio: sala
  - Wolio: sala
- Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:
  - Batak:
    - Dairi Batak: salah
    - Karo Batak: salah
    - Simalungun Batak: salah
    - Toba Batak: sala
  - Mentawai: sele
  - Nias: sala
  - Simeulue: sala
- Chamorro: sala
- Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
  - Bali–Sasak:
    - Balinese: salah
    - Sasak: sala', sala
  - Proto-Malayic: *salah
    - Banjarese: salah
    - Ibanic:
      - Iban: salah
      - Keninjal: salah
      - Mualang: salah
      - Seberuang: salah
    - Malayan:
      - Brunei Malay: salah
      - Malay: salah
        Indonesian: salah
      - Minangkabau: salah
    - Urak Lawoi': ซาลัฮ (salah)
- Old Javanese: salah
  - Javanese: ꦱꦭ (sala), ꦱꦭꦃ (salah)
- Proto-South Sulawesi:
  - Buginese: sala
  - Makasar: sala
  - Tae': sala