Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/uʀat

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *huʀaC.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /uʀat/, /urat/

Noun

*uʀat

Descendants

Philippine
- Batanic
  - Ivatan: uyat
  - Ibatan: oyat
- Northern Luzon
  - Arta: urat
  - Ilocano: urát
  - Cagayan Valley
    - Isnag: uxāt
  - Meso-Cordilleran
    - Central Cordilleran
      - Ifugao
        Batad Ifugao: ulat
        
        Tuwali Ifugao: ulát
      - Bontok-Kankanaey
        Central Bontoc: olat
        
        Northern Kankanay: owat
        
        Kankanaey: owát
    - Southern Cordilleran
      - Pangasinan: olát
      - Karao: olat
      - Keley-I Kallahan: ulat
- Central Luzon
  - Kapampangan: uyat
  - Remontado Agta: uyát
  - Sambalic
    - Bolinao: uyat
    - Mag-Anchi Ayta: úyat
    - Abenlen Ayta: oyat
- Umiray Dumaget Agta: uget
- Greater Central Philippine
  - Central Philippine
    - Tagalog: ugát (“vein, root, origin”)
    - Bikol
      - Bikol Central: ugát
      - West Albay Bikol: ugat
    - Visayan
      - Cebuano: ugat
      - Asi: ugát
      - Aklanon: ugát
      - Masbatenyo: ugát
      - Romblomanon: 'ugat
      - Tausug: ugat
    - Mansakan
      - Mansaka: ogat
      - Tagakaulu Kalagan: ugat
  - South Mangyan
    - Hanunoo: ʔugát
  - Manobo
    - Ata Manobo: ugat
    - Obo Manobo: 'uhat
    - Agusan Manobo: u'gat
    - Western Bukidnon Manobo: uɣat
  - Subanen
    - Central Subanen: ugat
  - Danao
    - Maranao: ogat
    - Maguindanao: ugat
  - Palawanic
    - Brooke's Point Palawano: ugat
    - Central Palawano: ugat
    - Tagbanwa: ugat
    - Central Tagbanwa: ulat
    - Molbog: ugat
  - Gorontalo–Mongondow
    - Mongondow: ugat
    - Lolak: ugat
- Kalamian
  - Calamian Tagbanwa: ulat
  - >? Agutaynen: ogat
- South Mindanao
  - Tboli: ulat
  - Tiruray: urat
- Sangiric
  - Sangir: uha'
Basap–Barito
- Basap: orat
- Sama–Bajaw
  - Yakan: ohat
  - Southern Sama: huwat
  - Mapun: huwat
- East Barito
  - Dusun Witu: uyat
  - Tawoyan: uyat
  - Ma'anyan: uat, uwat
  - Malagasy: ózatra (“muscle, tendon, sinew”)
- West Barito
  - Ngaju: uhat
North Bornean
- Northeast Sabahan
  - Ida'an: uat
  - Bonggi: uart
- Southwest Sabahan
  - Dusunic
    - Central Dusun: tuat
    - Coastal Kadazan: tuat
    - Tobilung: tuat
    - Kuijau: tuhat
    - Rungus: uhat
    - Lotud: uhat
  - Murutic
    - Tagal Murut: uat
    - Burusu: uwat
- North Sarawakan
  - Bintulu: uat
  - Dayic
    - Kelabit: urat
  - Kenyah
    - Bakung: uat
    - ⇒ Western Penan: keluat
    - ⇒ Eastern Penan: keluhat
- Central Sarawakan
  - Melanau
    - Central Melanau: uat, wat
    - Kanowit: urat
  - Kajang
    - Sekapan: uat
    - Kajaman: wat
    - Lahanan: wat
  - Punan
    - Punan Tubu: uat
    - Punan Bah-Biau: uat
    - Punan Aput: uat
    - Ukit: uat
    - Bukat: wat
    - Bukitan: wat
  - Müller-Schwaner Punan
    - Hovongan: uhat
    - Kereho: ohat
    - Aoheng: ohat
Kayanic
- Kayan–Murik
  - Baram Kayan: uhat
  - Busang Kayan: huat
  - Bahau: wat
  - Murik (Malaysia): uat
- Segai–Modang
  - Segai: hut
Land Dayak
- Benyadu–Bekati'
  - Benyadu': uhat
  - Bekati': uhat
- Southern Land Dayak
  - Jangkang: uat
  - Ribun: ua'
  - Sanggau: urat
Moken–Moklen
- Moken: olat
Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
- Batak
  - Toba Batak: urat
- Nias: uo
Malayo-Sumbawan
- Chamic: *ʔurat
  - Acehnese: urat
  - Coastal Chamic
    - Eastern Cham: ꨀꨣꩀ (arak)
    - Western Cham: ارک (arak)
  - Highlands Chamic
    - Northern Chamic
      - Northern Roglai: uraʔ
      - Tsat: zaʔ²⁴
    - Jarai–Rhade
      - Jarai: arăt
      - Rade: aruăt
- Malayic: *urat
  - Ibanic
    - Iban: urat
    - Mualang: uɣat
    - Seberuang: uɣat
  - Malayan
    - Malay: urat
      - Indonesian: urat
    - Minangkabau: urek
  - Urak Lawoi': อูรัยจ (urac)
- Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
  - Balinese: uat
  - Sasak: urat
- Sundanese: ᮅᮛᮒ᮪ (urat)
Old Javanese: otwat, otot
- Javanese: ꦲꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦠ꧀ (otot)
  - → Indonesian: otot (“muscle”)
South Sulawesi
- Tamanic
  - Embaloh: urat
- Northern
  - Tae': ura'
  - Mandar: ura'
- Makassaric
  - Makasar: ᨕᨘᨑ (ura')
Celebic
- Saluan–Banggai
  - Balantak: urat
- Tomini–Tolitoli
  - Dampelas: uat
  - Taje: uati
  - Boano (Sulawesi): ugat
- Muna–Buton
  - Muna: ue
- Kaili–Pamona
  - Pamona: ua
  - Uma: ua'
- Wotu–Wolio
  - Wolio: ua
Chamorro: gugat
Palauan: ngurd
Central Malayo-Polynesian
- Sumba–Flores
  - Western Flores
    - Komodo: ura'
    - Rembong: urat
    - Ngadha: ura
    - Li'o: ura
  - Sumba–Hawu
    - Kambera: ura
- Kei–Tanimbar
  - Kei: urat
  - Yamdena: urat
  - Fordata: urat
- Selaru: urat
- Timoric
  - Tetum: uat
  - Leti: urta
  - Bilba: ua
- Aru
  - Dobel: kwura
- Central Maluku
  - Buru (Indonesia): uhat
  - Kowiai: urat
Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
- Halmahera–Cenderawasih
  - Cenderawasih Bay
    - Biak: urek
    - Pom: urarua
    - Ansus: urarua
  - Halmahera Sea
    - Sawai: wétwut
- Oceanic: *uʀat
  - St. Matthias Islands
    - Mussau-Emira: ueta
  - Western Oceanic
    - Meso-Melanesian
      - Patpatar–Tolai
        Tolai: urat
      - Bali–Vitu
        Uneapa: urata
  - Central-Eastern Oceanic
    - Southeast Solomonic
      - Bugotu–Gela
        Bughotu: ula
        
        Gela: ula
      - Malaita–Makira
        Kwaio: ula
        
        Sa'a: uleule
        
        'Are'are: uraura
    - Southern Oceanic
      - Neverver: na-ua
    - Micronesian
      - Chuukese: wuwa
    - Central Pacific
      - West Fijian–Rotuman
        Western Fijian: ua
        
        Rotuman: uaua
      - East Fijian–Polynesian
        Fijian: ua
        
        Proto-Polynesian: *uaua
        Tongic
        Tongan: uoua
        
        Samoic–Outlier
        Ellicean
        Tuvaluan: uaua
        
        Kapingamarangi: uaua
        
        Nukuoro: uaua
        
        Samoic
        Samoan: uaua
        
        Tokelauan: uaua
        
        Eastern Polynesian
        Marquesic
        Hawaiian: uaua
        
        Mangarevan: ùaùa
        
        North Marquesan: uaua
        
        Tahitic
        Tahitian: uaua
        
        Rarotongan: uaua
        
        Maori: ua, io, uaua, ioio, iaia
        
        Rapa Nui: ûaûa

References