Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʔapʕaw-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*ʔapʕaw- f

1. viper, a kind of snake

Inflection

Declension of *ʔapʕaw-

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ʔapʕawum	*ʔapʕawāna	plural stem + *-ūna
Genitive	*ʔapʕawim	*ʔapʕawayna	plural stem + *-īna
Accusative	*ʔapʕawam
possessive forms
1st person	*ʔapʕawī / *ʔapʕawVya	—	*ʔapʕawVni
2nd person m	*ʔapʕawVka	*ʔapʕawVkumā / *ʔapʕawVkumay	*ʔapʕawVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*ʔapʕawVki		*ʔapʕawVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*ʔapʕawVšu	*ʔapʕawVšumā / *ʔapʕawVšumay	*ʔapʕawVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*ʔapʕawVša		*ʔapʕawVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʔapʕawuya for nom. case, *ʔapʕawiya for gen. case, *ʔapʕawaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ʔapʕaw- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *ʔapʕawuka *ʔapʕawāka plural stem + *-ūka Genitive *ʔapʕawika *ʔapʕawayka plural stem + *-īka Accusative *ʔapʕawaka Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ʔapʕaw- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *ʔapʕawuki *ʔapʕawāki plural stem + *-ūki Genitive *ʔapʕawiki *ʔapʕawayki plural stem + *-īki Accusative *ʔapʕawaki

Declension of *ʔapʕaw-

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ʔapʕawum	*ʔapʕawāna	*ʔapʕawātum
Genitive	*ʔapʕawim	*ʔapʕawayna	*ʔapʕawātim
Accusative	*ʔapʕawam
possessive forms
1st person	*ʔapʕawī / *ʔapʕawVya	—	*ʔapʕawVni
2nd person m	*ʔapʕawVka	*ʔapʕawVkumā / *ʔapʕawVkumay	*ʔapʕawVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*ʔapʕawVki		*ʔapʕawVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*ʔapʕawVšu	*ʔapʕawVšumā / *ʔapʕawVšumay	*ʔapʕawVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*ʔapʕawVša		*ʔapʕawVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʔapʕawuya for nom. case, *ʔapʕawiya for gen. case, *ʔapʕawaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ʔapʕaw- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *ʔapʕawuka *ʔapʕawāka *ʔapʕawātuka Genitive *ʔapʕawika *ʔapʕawayka *ʔapʕawātika Accusative *ʔapʕawaka Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ʔapʕaw- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *ʔapʕawuki *ʔapʕawāki *ʔapʕawātuki Genitive *ʔapʕawiki *ʔapʕawayki *ʔapʕawātiki Accusative *ʔapʕawaki

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Eblaite: 𒉌𒁀𒅇𒌝 (ì-pá-ù-um)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: أَفْعًى (ʔafʕan)
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew: אֶפְעֶה (ʾep̄ʿê)
      • Ugaritic: 𐎀𐎔𐎓 (ảpʿ /⁠ʾapʿā⁠/)
  • Ethiopian Semitic:
    • Amharic: እፉኝት (ʾəffuññət), ፉኝት (fuññət), እፍኝት (ʾəffəññət), ፍኝት (fəññət), እምፉት (ʾəmfut)
    • Ge'ez: አፍዖት (ʾäfʿot)
    • Harari: ሒፊኝ (ḥiffiñ)
    • Tigrinya: አፍዑት (ʾäfʿut), አፍዖት (ʾäfʿot)
    • Tigre: አፍዖት (ʾäfʿot)
    • → Awngi: አፉወ (afuwa)

References

• Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, page 14, nr. 10