Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/b-r-gja

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *priaʔ (Coblin, 1986)
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *b-r-gya (Matisoff, STEDT); *r-gya (Weidert, 1987; Benedict, 1972; LaPolla, 1987); *r-gyɑ (Chou, 1972).

It appears that this root was influenced by the root for "eight" (*b-r-gjat ~ b-g-rjat), despite the fact that these two numerals are not neighbours in linear order.

Numeral

*b-r-gja

Proto-Sino-Tibetan numerals
ONE	ʔit kat *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik
TWO	*g/s-ni-s
THREE	*g-sum
FOUR	*b-ləj
FIVE	*l/b-ŋa
SIX	*d-k-ruk
SEVEN	*s-ni-s
EIGHT	*b-r-gjat ~ b-g-rjat
NINE	*d/s-kəw
TEN	gip ts(j)i(j) ~ tsjaj
TWENTY	*m-kul
HUNDRED	*b-r-gja
THOUSAND	*s-tawŋ

hundred

Descendants

Old Chinese: 百 /*pˤrak/ (B-S), /*praːɡ/ (ZS)
- Middle Chinese: 百 /pˠæk̚/

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**:

→ Japanese: 百 (ひゃく, hyaku)
Korean: 백 (百, baek)
Vietnamese: bách (百)

- → Ai-Cham: pek⁷
  Lao: ປາກ (pāk)
  Lü: ᦔᦱᧅ (ṗaak)
  Shan: ပၢၵ် (pǎak)
  - Mandarin:
    - Beijing: 百 (bǎi, bó) /paɪ̯²¹⁴/, /pu̯ɔ³⁵/
    - Northeastern:
      - Harbin: 百 /pai²¹³/
      - Changchun: 百 /pai²¹³/
      - Shenyang: 百 /pai²¹³/
    - Peninsular:
      - Qingdao: 百 /pe⁵⁵/
    - Northern:
      - Cangzhou: 百 /pai²³/
      - Baoding: 百 /pai²¹³/
      - Jinan: 百 /pei²¹³/
    - Central:
      - Dungan: бый (bɨy) /pɨi²⁴/
      - Xuzhou: 百 /pe²¹³/
      - Bengbu: 百 /pə²¹²/
      - Kaifeng: 百 /pɛ³⁵/
      - Zhengzhou: 百 /pɛ²⁴/
      - Luoyang: 百 /pæ³³/
      - Xi'an: 百 (bèi) /pei³¹/
    - Northwestern:
      - Lanzhou: 百 /pə¹³/
      - Yinchuan: 百 /pia¹³/ (vernacular), /pɛ¹³/ (literary)
      - Ürümqi: 百 /pei²¹³/
    - Southwestern:
      - Wuhan: 百 /pɤ²¹³/
      - Sichuanese:
        Chengdu: 百 (be²) /pe²¹/
        
        Chongqing: 百 (be²) /pe³¹/
      - Guiyang: 百 /pɛ²¹/
      - Kunming: 百 /pɤ⁴²/
      - Liuzhou: 百 /pə³¹/
      - Guilin: 百 /pə²¹/
    - Huai:
      - Hefei: 百 /pɐʔ⁴/
      - Nanjing: 百 (bä⁵) /pɛʔ⁵/
      - Taizhou: 百 /pɔʔ³/
      - Yangzhou: 百 /pɔʔ⁴/
      - Nantong: 百 /poʔ⁴/
    - Jin:
      - Taiyuan: 百 /pai⁵³/
      - Datong: 百 /piaʔ⁴/
  - Yue:
    - Cantonese: 百 (baak³) /pɑːk̚³/
    - Taishanese: 百 (bak¹, bak²) /pak̚³³/, /pak̚⁵⁵/
    - Yangjiang: 百 /paʔ²¹/
    - Lianzhou: 百 (beek²) /pek̚²⁴/
    - Maoming: 百 (baak³) /pak̚³/
    - Wuzhou: 百 (baak³) /pak̚³/
  - Hakka:
    - Meizhou: 百 (pak) /pak̚¹/
    - Sixian: 百 (pak) /pak̚²/
    - Changting: 百 /pa²/
    - Huizhou: 百 /pak̚⁴⁵/
  - Wu:
    - Northern:
      - Shanghainese: 百 (paq⁷) /paʔ⁵/
      - Suzhounese: 百 (paq⁷, peq⁷) /pɑʔ⁴³/, /pəʔ⁴³/ (vernacular, literary)
      - Wuxi: 百 (paq⁷) /paʔ⁵/
      - Changzhou: 百 (poq⁷) /pɔʔ⁵/
      - Jiaxing: 百 (paq⁷) /pɑʔ⁵/
      - Hangzhou: 百 (paq⁷) /pɑʔ⁵/
      - Shaoxing: 百 (paq⁷) /paʔ⁴⁵/
      - Cixi: 百 (paq⁷) /pɑʔ⁵/
      - Ningbo: 百 (paq⁷) /pɐʔ⁵/
    - Linhai (Taizhou): 百 (paq⁷) /pɐʔ⁵/
    - Wenzhou: 百 (pa⁷) /pa²¹³/
    - Jinhua: 百 (peq⁷) /pəʔ⁴/
    - Lishui: 百 (paq⁷) /paʔ⁵/
  - Gan:
    - Nanchang: 百 /paʔ⁴/
    - Yichun: 百 /paʔ⁵/
  - Xiang:
    - Changsha: 百 (be⁶) /pɤ²⁴/
    - Shuangfeng: 百 /pe¹³/ (vernacular), /pia¹³/ (literary)
    - Hengyang: 百 /pe²²/
- Min:
  - Coastal Min:
    - Eastern Min:
      - Fuzhounese: 百 (báh (vernacular), báik (literary)) /pɑʔ²⁴/, /paiʔ²⁴/
    - Min Nan:
      - Hokkien:
        Kaohsiung, Taipei, Xiamen: 百 (pah, peh (vernacular), pek (literary)) /paʔ³²/, /peʔ³²/, /piɪk̚³²/
        
        Quanzhou: 百 (pah, peh (vernacular), piak (literary)) /paʔ⁵/, /peʔ⁵/, /piak̚⁵/
        
        Zhangzhou: 百 (peeh (vernacular), pek (literary)) /pɛʔ³²/, /piɪk̚³²/
        
        Leizhou Min: 百 /pek⁵/ (vernacular), /pe⁵⁴/ (literary)
        
        Haikou: 百 /ɓe⁵⁵/
      - Teochew: 百 (bêh⁴) /peʔ²/
    - Puxian Min: 百 /pa¹¹/ (vernacular), /peʔ²/ (literary) (Putian)
  - Inland Min:
    - Jian'ou: 百 /pa²⁴/
    - Nanping: 百 /pɒ²¹³/
    - Jiangle: 百 /pa⁵¹/
Proto-Tibeto-Burman:
- Bodic:
  - Tibetan: བརྒྱ (brgya)
- Lolo-Burmese
  - Burmish:
    - Burmic:
      - Old Burmese: ရျာ (ryā)
      - Burmese: ရာ (ra)
    - Maruic:
      - Pela: ja⁵⁵
  - Proto-Loloish:
    - Nuosu: ꉐ (hxa)
- Loloish
  - Lahu: ha
- Qiangic
  - Tangut: 𘊝 (*ꞏjir²)
  - Situ: pərɟa
→ Proto-Karen: *g-rjaᴬ (Luangthongkum, 2013)
- S'gaw Karen: ကယၤ (ka yā, “hundred”) (one hundred is called တကယၤ (ta ka yā), etc)