Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ľudъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ-o-s. Compare Proto-Germanic *liudaz (Old High German liut), possibly Albanian lirë.

Noun

*ľȗdъ m^[1]^[2]^[3]

people (body of persons of the same ethnic group or speaking the same language)

Inflection

Declension of *ľȗdъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ľȗdъ	*ľȗda	*ľȗdi
genitive	*ľȗda	*ľudù	*ľũdъ
dative	*ľȗdu	*ľudomà	*ľudòmъ
accusative	*ľȗdъ	*ľȗda	*ľȗdy
instrumental	ľȗdъmь, ľȗdomь^*	*ľudomà	*ľudý
locative	*ľȗdě	*ľudù	*ľudě̃xъ
vocative	*ľude	*ľȗda	*ľȗdi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

nouns

adjectives

Related terms

nouns

*ľȗdьje

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: *людъ (*ljudŭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: людъ (ljud)
    - Belarusian: люд (ljud)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: люд (ljud)
    - Ukrainian: люд (ljud)
  - Russian: люд (ljud)
- Old Novgorodian: людъ (ljudŭ)
South Slavic:
- Church Slavonic: людъ (ljudŭ)
- Bulgarian: люд (ljud) (dialectal)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: људ (dialectal)
  
  Latin script: ljud (dialectal)
- Slovene: ljȗd (tonal orthography) (archaic)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: ľud
  - Czech: lid
- Old Polish: lud
  - Polish: lud
- Old Slovak: ľud, lid
  - Slovak: ľud
- Polabian: ľai̯dai̯ pl
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: lud
  - Slovincian: lúd
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: lud
  - Lower Sorbian: lud

References

^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1988), “*ľudъ/*ľudь/*ľuda/*ľudo/*ľudьje”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 15 (*lětina – *lokačь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 194
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*ļȗdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 282: “m. o (c) ‘people’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “ljudъ / ljudь ljuda”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 70, 171; RPT 97, 102)”

Further reading

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “люд”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “люд”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “lud”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 291
Sławski, Franciszek (1970-1974) “lud”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volumes IV: La—Łapucha, Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego, page 363
Václav Machek (1968) “lid”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka českého [Etymological Dictionary of the Czech Language], 2nd edition, Prague: Academia, page 331
Jiří Rejzek (2007) “lid”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda, page 356

Králik, Ľubor (2016) “ľud”, in Stručný etymologický slovník slovenčiny [Concise Etymological Dictionary of Slovak] (in Slovak), Bratislava: VEDA; JÚĽŠ SAV, →ISBN
Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “люд”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
Martynaŭ, V. U., Tsykhun, G. A., editors (1978–2017), “люд”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka

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