Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/družina

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *drugъ (“companion, friend”) +‎ *-ina (“collective suffix”).

Noun

*družìna f

1. group of associates; team, company, band, troop

Inflection

Declension of *družìna (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*družìna	*družìně	*družìny
genitive	*družìny	*družìnu	*družìnъ
dative	*družìně	*družìnama	*družìnamъ
accusative	*družìnǫ	*družìně	*družìny
instrumental	*družìnojǫ, *družìnǭ**	*družìnama	*družìnamī
locative	*družìně	*družìnu	*družìnasъ, *družìnaxъ*
vocative	*družìno	*družìně	*družìny

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: дружина (družina)
    • Belarusian: дружы́на (družýna)
    • Russian: дружи́на (družína)
    • Ukrainian: дружи́на (družýna, “wife”)
  • Old Pskovian: друзина (druźina)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: дроужина (družina)

    Glagolitic: [Term?]

    • Church Slavonic: дружина (družina) (Russian)
  • Bulgarian: дружи́на (družína)
  • Macedonian: дружина (družina)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: дру̀жина

    Latin script: drùžina

  • Slovene: družína (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: družina
    • Czech: družina
  • Old Polish: drużyna
    • Polish: drużyna
    • Silesian: drużyna
  • Slovak: družina

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “дружина”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “дружина”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 271
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*družina”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 134