Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/galъ
Proto-Slavic
editEtymology 1
editUncertain. Sparsely attested, mainly in toponyms and derived terms.
If the color association is derived from the name of the jay, jackdow bird (and not vice versa), it is possible that the root is of onomatopoeic nature, related to *gavati (“to bark”), *gajati (“to croak”), *gakati (“to caw”). Compare regional *gaga (“jay”).
Adjective
edit*galъ
Inflection
editIndefinite declension of *galъ (hard)
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *galъ | *gala | *galo |
genitive | *gala | *galy | *gala |
dative | *galu | *galě | *galu |
accusative | *galъ | *galǫ | *galo |
instrumental | *galomь | *galojǫ | *galomь |
locative | *galě | *galě | *galě |
vocative | *gale | *galo | *galo |
dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *gala | *galě | *galě |
genitive | *galu | *galu | *galu |
dative | *galoma | *galama | *galoma |
accusative | *gala | *galě | *galě |
instrumental | *galoma | *galama | *galoma |
locative | *galu | *galu | *galu |
vocative | *gala | *galě | *galě |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *gali | *galy | *gala |
genitive | *galъ | *galъ | *galъ |
dative | *galomъ | *galamъ | *galomъ |
accusative | *galy | *galy | *gala |
instrumental | *galy | *galami | *galy |
locative | *galěxъ | *galaxъ | *galěxъ |
vocative | *gali | *galy | *gala |
Definite declension of *galъ (hard)
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *galъjь | *galaja | *galoje |
genitive | *galajego | *galyję̇ | *galajego |
dative | *galujemu | *galěji | *galujemu |
accusative | *galъjь | *galǫjǫ | *galoje |
instrumental | *galyjimь | *galǫjǫ | *galyjimь |
locative | *galějemь | *galěji | *galějemь |
vocative | *galъjь | *galaja | *galoje |
dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *galaja | *galěji | *galěji |
genitive | *galuju | *galuju | *galuju |
dative | *galyjima | *galyjima | *galyjima |
accusative | *galaja | *galěji | *galěji |
instrumental | *galyjima | *galyjima | *galyjima |
locative | *galuju | *galuju | *galuju |
vocative | *galaja | *galěji | *galěji |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *galiji | *galyję̇ | *galaja |
genitive | *galъjixъ | *galъjixъ | *galъjixъ |
dative | *galyjimъ | *galyjimъ | *galyjimъ |
accusative | *galyję̇ | *galyję̇ | *galaja |
instrumental | *galyjimi | *galyjimi | *galyjimi |
locative | *galyjixъ | *galyjixъ | *galyjixъ |
vocative | *galiji | *galyję̇ | *galaja |
Derived terms
edit- *gaľa (“black fem. animal (sheep, hen, bitch)”)
- *galica (“chough”)
- *galъka (“jackdaw”)
- *galębъ, *galǫbъ (“gull”)
- *galovъ (“dark, murky”)
See also
edit *bělъ (of animals) *bronъ |
*sivъ, *śěrъ, *śědъ | *čьrnъ, *smaglъ, *smǫglъ (of animals) *vornъ, *galъ |
*čьrvenъ, *ryďь, *ruměnъ | *rudъ, *granivъ; *smědъ (of animals) *gnědъ |
*žьltъ (of animals) *solvъ; *polvъ |
*zelenъ | *zelenъ, *grěnъ | |
*polvъ | *siňь; *modrъ | |
*slivъ | *bagrъ |
Descendants
edit- East Slavic:
- ⇒ Ukrainian: галь (halʹ, “herd of jays”) (dialectal)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: галъ (galŭ)
- Bulgarian: гал m (gal, “jackdaw”)
- ⇒ Bulgarian: Галиче (Galiče), Галатски рид (Galatski rid), Галовo (Galovo), Галова падина (Galova padina) (toponyms)
- Macedonian: гал (gal) (dialectal)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Slovene: gàl
- West Slavic:
- Czech: gał (“pitch”) (dialectal)
Further reading
edit- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “галка”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*galъ II”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 96
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “гал”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 225
- Maya Vlahova-Angelova (2014) “Цветовете в Българската топонимия”, in „Известия“, книга XXVII[1], Institute of Bulgarian Language at Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, pages 130-159
Etymology 2
editFrom Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to shout, cry”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *galaną.
Noun
edit*galъ m
Inflection
editDeclension of *galъ (hard o-stem)
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editDescendants
edit- East Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
edit- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “галда”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Categories:
- Proto-Slavic terms with unknown etymologies
- Proto-Slavic onomatopoeias
- Proto-Slavic lemmas
- Proto-Slavic adjectives
- sla-pro:Colors
- Proto-Slavic hard adjectives
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰel-
- Proto-Slavic nouns
- Proto-Slavic masculine nouns
- Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns
- Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns
- sla-pro:Blacks
- sla-pro:Sounds