Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/godъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gadás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to gather, to join”).

Cognate with Latvian gads (“year”), Latgalian gods (“year”), Proto-West Germanic *gad (“union”) and further related to Proto-West Germanic *gadur (“together”).

Noun

*gȍdъ m

1. suitable, right time

   Synonym: *doba

2. holiday, festive season (in West Slavic)
3. year (in East and South Slavic)

Alternative forms

• *goda

Inflection

Declension of *gȍdъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gȍdъ	*gȍda	*gȍdi
genitive	*gȍda	*godù	*gòdъ
dative	*gȍdu	*godomà	*godòmъ
accusative	*gȍdъ	*gȍda	*gȍdy
instrumental	*gȍdъmь, *gȍdomь*	*godomà	*godý
locative	*gȍdě	*godù	*godě̃xъ
vocative	*gode	*gȍda	*gȍdi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Slovene and dial. Bulgarian (e.g. о́т году до́ году (ót godu dó godu, “for auld lang syne”)) also show evidence for u-stem declension.

Derived terms

• *godě (“suitably, contently”) (adverb)
• *godina (“hour”)
• *godežь (“gathering, matching”)
• *sъgoda (“good, lucky occassion”)

Related terms

• *godìti (“to reconcile, to content”)

See also

• *vetъxъ
• *jaro, *vesna (“spring”)
• *lěto (“summer; year”)
• *rokъ (“time, term”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: годъ (godŭ)
    • Belarusian: год (hod)
    • Russian: год (god)
    • Old Ukrainian: год (hod)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: гуд (hud), гӱд (hüd)
      • Ukrainian: год (hod), гід (hid)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: годъ (godŭ)

    Glagolitic script: ⰳⱁⰴⱏ (godŭ)

  • Bulgarian: год (god), го́да (góda, “matchmaking”)
  • Macedonian: год (god)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: го̑д

    Latin script: gȏd

  • Slovene: gọ̑d
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: hod, hody
  • Kashubian: gòdë
  • Polish: god, gody
  • Slovak: hod
    • Hodi (oravské)
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: hody
    • Lower Sorbian: gódy

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “год”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “год”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 198
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*godъ / *goda”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 191
• Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “год”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “год”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 259