Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jьz

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions

• *iz

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *iź, *iś, from Proto-Indo-European *eḱs, *eǵʰs, *h₁eǵʰs (“out of”). Cognates with Lithuanian iš (dialectally iž), Latvian iz, Old Prussian is.

Preposition

*jьz

1. (+ genitive) from, out of

   Synonyms: *otъ, *vy(d)

   Antonyms: *vъ(n), *kъ(n)

Usage notes

Also used as a prefix *jьz- alongside *vy-.

Derived terms

• *jьz zadъ (“out of the back”)
• *jьz perdъ (“out of the front”)
• *jьz podъ (“out of the bottom”)
• *jьz nadъ (“out of the top”)
• *jьz otъ (“out of”)

Related terms

• *e (“emphatic particle”)
  • *ejь (“this (emphatic)”)
  • *ovъ (“this (demonstative)”)
  • *i (“and”) (locative)
  • *ju (“besides”) (dative)
  • *ě (“let”) (old instrumental)
• *vъz, *uz (“by, up, atop of”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: из (iz), изъ (izŭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: изъ (iz), исъ (is)
      • Belarusian: з (z), зо (zo)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: из (yz)
      • Ukrainian: з (z), із (iz)
    • Russian: из (iz), изо (izo)
  • Old Novgorodian: иꙁ (iz), иꙁъ (izŭ), иꙁо (izo)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: из (iz), изъ (izŭ)
  • Bulgarian: из (iz)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: из

    Latin script: iz

  • Slovene: iz (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: z, ze
    • Czech: z
  • Old Polish: z, s, se, ze
    • Polish: z
    • Silesian: z
  • Pannonian Rusyn: з (z), зо (zo), зоз (zoz)
  • Slovak: z, zo
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: z, ze, zez
    • Slovincian: sê
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: z, ze
    • Lower Sorbian: z, ze

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “из”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*jьz”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 6
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “из”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 15