Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kolda

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

According to Derksen, inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kálˀdāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *kold-eh₂; cognate with Proto-Germanic *hultą (“wood”) and Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos, “branch, shoot”). Ultimately may be from the root of *kolti, from PIE *kelh₂- (“to beat, chop, hew”).

The /ɡ/ of Old Church Slavonic глада (glada) is perhaps modified to resemble гладъкъ (gladŭkŭ, “smooth; even”), гладити (gladiti, “to stroke; to smooth, polish”), or otherwise unexplained.

Noun

*kòlda f^[1]^[2]^[3]

block, log

Declension

Declension of *kòlda (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kòlda	*kòldě	*kòldy
genitive	*kòldy	*kòldu	*kòldъ
dative	*kòldě	*kòldama	*kòldamъ
accusative	*kòldǫ	*kòldě	*kòldy
instrumental	kòldojǫ, kòldǭ^**	*kòldama	*kòldamī
locative	*kòldě	*kòldu	kòldasъ, kòldaxъ^*
vocative	*kòldo	*kòldě	*kòldy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: кало́да (kalóda)
- Russian: коло́да (kolóda)
- Ukrainian: коло́да (kolóda)
- → Lithuanian: kaladė
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: глада (glada, “block”)
  - Bulgarian: кла́да (kláda)
- Macedonian: клада (klada)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: кла̏да
  
  Latin script: klȁda
- Slovene: kláda (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: kláda
  - Czech: kláda
    - Moravian (Mistřice): ku̯ada
- Polabian: klådă
- Old Polish: kłoda
  - Polish: kłoda
- Slovak: klada
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: kłóda
  - Lower Sorbian: kłoda

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kòlda”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 228: “f. ā (a) ‘block, log’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “kolda”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “(PR 132; RPT 107, 111)”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “kláda”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*kőlda”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kòlda”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 228: “f. ā (a) ‘block, log’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001) “kolda”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “(PR 132; RPT 107, 111)”

[3] Snoj, Marko (2016) “kláda”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*kőlda”

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