Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/lędo

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *lindá, from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“heath, land”). Cognate with Old Prussian lindan (“valley”).

Noun

*lę̑do n^[1]

heath, arid land, uncultivated field
Antonym: *orlьja
(by generalization) meadow, flatland
Synonyms: *poľe, *orvьnina

Alternative forms

*lędъ m
*lędь f (i-stem)

Declension

Declension of *lę̑do (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*lę̑do	*lę̑dě	*lędà
genitive	*lę̑da	*lędù	*lę̃dъ
dative	*lę̑du	*lędomà	*lędòmъ
accusative	*lę̑do	*lę̑dě	*lędà
instrumental	lę̑dъmь, lę̑domь^*	*lędomà	*lędý
locative	*lę̑dě	*lędù	*lędě̃xъ
vocative	*lędo	*lę̑dě	*lędà

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

*lędà pl
*lędina (“barren land”)
*lędixa (“meadow”)
*lędokъ (“type of thristle, weed”)
*lęděninъ, *lędiťь (“flatland dweller”)
*lędьskъ (“landish”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: лѧдо (lędo)
  - Belarusian: ля́до (ljádo)
  - Russian: ля́до (ljádo) (dialectal)
  - Ukrainian: ля́до (ljádo, “meadow within forest”)
- Russian: ляд m (ljad, “aridity, dearth”) (dialectal)
- Old Novgorodian: лѧдь f (lędĭ, “heathland”)
South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: ле́да (léda), ля́да (ljáda) (archaic, dialectal)
- Old Croatian: leđ (“arid, unfruitful land”) (obsolete)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: lado, łado (alternative writing)
  - Czech: lado
- Polabian: ľǫdü
- >? Polish: ląd m (“land”) (more likely a German loanword)
- Slovak: ladom (instrumental, only in: ležať ladom)
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: lědo
  - Upper Sorbian: lado

References

^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “ledina”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “pslovan. *lę̑do”

[1] Snoj, Marko (2016) “ledina”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “pslovan. *lę̑do”

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