Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pęta

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Most likely cognate with Lithuanian péntis, ùžpentis (“heel, spur”), Old Prussian pentis (“spur”), Latvian piête (all i-stems), therefore, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *penˀtā́ˀ. Further origin probably from *pęti (“to stretch”) +‎ *-ta, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to span, to spin”). Favoured by Derksen^[1].

Alternatively, related to Proto-Slavic *vъzpętь (“backwards”), *opętь (“again”) and further Pashto پونده (punda) from *penth₂- (“to propagate”). Favoured by Snoj^[2].

Noun

*pętà f^[1]^[3]^[2]

heel

Declension

Declension of *pętà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*pętà	*pę̑tě	*pę̑ty
genitive	*pętý	*pętù	*pę̃tъ
dative	*pętě̀	*pętàma	*pętàmъ
accusative	*pę̑tǫ	*pę̑tě	*pę̑ty
instrumental	*pętojǫ́	*pętàma	*pętàmi
locative	*pę̑tě	*pętù	pętàsъ, pętàxъ^*
vocative	*pęto	*pę̑tě	*pę̑ty

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.

Related terms

*pęti (“to stretch”)
*pǫtь (“path”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old Ruthenian: пѧта (pjata), пета (peta), пѩта (pjata)
  - Ukrainian: п'ята́ (pʺjatá)
  - ⇒ Belarusian: пя́тка (pjátka)
- Russian: пята́ (pjatá)
- → Yiddish: פּיאַטע (pyate)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: пѧта (pęta)
  - Bulgarian: пета́ (petá), пе́нта (pénta) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: пета (peta)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: пе́та
  
  Latin script: péta
- Slovene: péta
West Slavic:
- Old Czech:
  - Czech: pata
  - Knaanic: פטא
- Kashubian: piãta
- Polabian: ṕǫtă
- Polish: pięta
- Silesian: piynta
- Slovak: päta
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: pěta
  - Upper Sorbian: pjata

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pętà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 399: “f. ā (c) ‘heel’”
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Snoj, Marko (2016) “péta”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *pęta̋”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “pęta pęty”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c hæl (PR 138)”