Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trepati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *trep- (“to thread”), perhaps derived/reanalyzed from Proto-Balto-Slavic *treptei (“to stomp, to swing”) (cf. obsolete Lithuanian trepti (“to tramp”)), whence Lithuanian trepénti, trepsė́ti (“to stomp”) (with desiderative-causative extension), Latvian trepêt (“to weather out”), Old Prussian ertreppa (“to cross”). Furhter akin to Ancient Greek τραπέω (trapéō, “to squeeze”), Latin trepidus (“agitated”), Sanskrit तृप्र (tṛprá, “unstable”).

Verb

*trepàti impf (perfective *trepnǫti)

1. (transitive) to jerk?, to twitch?, to yank?

   Synonyms: *dьrgati, *śěpati

2. (transitive) to scutch?, to swingle?

Inflection

Conjugation of *trepati, *trepa, *trepľetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*trepanьje	*trepati	*trepatъ	*trepalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*trepanъ	*trepľemъ
Active	*trepavъ	*trepľę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*trepaxъ	*trepa	*trepa	*trepľǫ	*trepľeši	*trepľetь
Dual	*trepaxově	*trepasta	*trepaste	*trepľevě	*trepľeta	*trepľete
Plural	*trepaxomъ	*trepaste	*trepašę	*trepľemъ	*trepľete	*trepľǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*trepaaxъ	*trepaaše	*trepaaše	—	*trepľi	*trepľi
Dual	*trepaaxově	*trepaašeta	*trepaašete	*trepľivě	*trepľita	—
Plural	*trepaaxomъ	*trepaašete	*trepaaxǫ	*trepľimъ	*trepľite	—

Conjugation of *trepati, *trepa, *trepajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*trepanьje	*trepati	*trepatъ	*trepalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*trepanъ	*trepajemъ
Active	*trepavъ	*trepaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*trepaxъ	*trepa	*trepa	*trepajǫ	*trepaješi	*trepajetь
Dual	*trepaxově	*trepasta	*trepaste	*trepajevě	*trepajeta	*trepajete
Plural	*trepaxomъ	*trepaste	*trepašę	*trepajemъ	*trepajete	*trepajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*trepaaxъ	*trepaaše	*trepaaše	—	*trepaji	*trepaji
Dual	*trepaaxově	*trepaašeta	*trepaašete	*trepajivě	*trepajita	—
Plural	*trepaaxomъ	*trepaašete	*trepaaxǫ	*trepajimъ	*trepajite	—

Derived terms

• *trepačь (agent noun)
• >? *trepeto (“sift”) (in East Slavic)

Related terms

noun

• *trepetъ

 

verbs

• *treperiti
• *trepetati
• *tropati

 

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: трепати (trepati)
    • Old Ruthenian: трепати (trepati)
      • Belarusian: трепа́ць (trjepácʹ)
      • Ukrainian: (obsolete or dialectal) трепа́ти (trepáty), тре́пати (trépaty)
        • ⇒ Ukrainian: тріпа́ти (tripáty), трі́пати (trípaty)
    • Russian: трепа́ть (trepátʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: тре́пя (trépja), dial. тре́пам (trépam)
  • Slovene: trépati, trepáti (tonal orthography)
    • ⇒ Slovene: trepljáti
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: třepat
  • Old Polish: trzepać
    • Polish: trzepać
  • Slovak: trepať
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: tśapaś, tśepaś
    • Upper Sorbian: třepać

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “трепа́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• “trepenti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012