Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xъmeľь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Commonly derived from either Germanic, Indo-Iranian or Turkic.

See Old Norse humli, Ossetian хуымӕллӕг (x°ymællæg) and Proto-Turkic *kumlak respectively.

Noun

*xъmèľь m

1. hop (plant)

Declension

Declension of *xъmeľь (soft o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*xъmeľь	*xъmeľa	*xъmeľi
genitive	*xъmeľa	*xъmeľu	*xъmeľь
dative	*xъmeľu	*xъmeľema	*xъmeľemъ
accusative	*xъmeľь	*xъmeľa	*xъmeľę̇
instrumental	*xъmeľьmь, *xъmeľemь*	*xъmeľema	*xъmeľi
locative	*xъmeľi	*xъmeľu	*xъmeľixъ
vocative	*xъmeľu	*xъmeľa	*xъmeľi

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *xъmelьnъ
• *xъmelina
• *xъmelišče (“field with hop”)
• *xъmeliti (“to spice a drink with hop”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: хмель (xmjelʹ)
  • Russian: хмель (xmelʹ)
  • Ukrainian: хміль (xmilʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: хмель (xmelĭ), хмѣль (xmělĭ)
  • Bulgarian: хмел (hmel)
  • Macedonian: хмељ (hmelj)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: хме̏љ

    Latin script: hmȅlj

  • Slovene: hmẹ̑lj, hmȅlj (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: chmel
  • Kashubian: chmiél
  • Polabian: xėmil
  • Polish: chmiel
  • Slovak: chmeľ

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Greek: χούμελη (choúmeli)

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “хмель”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xъmelь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 141