Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zvěrь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwer-der.

Proto-Balto-Slavic *źwēˀrís

Proto-Slavic *zvěrь

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *źwēˀrís, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwer-is (“wild animal”), from *ǵʰwer- (“wild”).

Noun

*zvě̑rь m^[1]^[2]

wild animal, beast

Declension

Declension of *zvě̑rь (i-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*zvě̑rь	*zvě̑ri	zvě̑rьjē, zvě̑řē^*
genitive	*zvěrí	zvěrьjù, zvěřu^*	*zvěrь̀jь
dative	*zvě̑ri	*zvěrьmà	*zvě̑rьmъ
accusative	*zvě̑rь	*zvě̑ri	*zvě̑ri
instrumental	*zvě̑rьmь	*zvěrьmà	*zvěrьmì
locative	*zvěrí	zvěrьjù, zvěřu^*	*zvě̑rьxъ
vocative	*zvěri	*zvě̑ri	zvě̑rьjē, zvě̑řē^*

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

*zvěrę (“baby animal”)
*zvěrěti

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: звѣрь (zvěrĭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: звѣръ (zvěr), звиръ (zvir)
    - Belarusian: звер (zvjer); зьвер (zʹvjer) (Taraškievica orthography)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: звірь (zvirʹ)
    - Ukrainian: звір (zvir)
  - Russian: зверь (zverʹ), звѣрь (zvěrʹ) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
    - → Ingrian: zveeri
    - → Komi-Zyrian: зверь (zver)
- Old Novgorodian: ꙁвѣрь (zvěrĭ)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: звѣрь (zvěrĭ)
  
  Glagolitic: ⰸⰲⱑⱃⱐ (zvěrĭ)
- Bulgarian: звяр (zvjar)
- Macedonian: ѕвер (dzver)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: зве̑р, звије̑р
  
  Latin: zvȇr, zvijȇr
- Slovene: zvẹ̑r (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: zvěř
  - Czech: zvěř
- Polish: zwierz
- Old Slovak: zver
  - Slovak: zver
  - Pannonian Rusyn: жвир (žvir)
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: zwiérz
  - Slovincian: zwjérz
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: zwěrje
  - Upper Sorbian: zwěrjo

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*zvě̑rь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 549: “m. i (c) ‘wild animal’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “zvěrь zvěri”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 25, 28ff., 33, 71, 156, 243; PR 138; RPT 98)”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*zvě̑rь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 549: “m. i (c) ‘wild animal’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001) “zvěrь zvěri”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 25, 28ff., 33, 71, 156, 243; PR 138; RPT 98)”

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[2]