Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/čalpmur

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms

• *čamur (per Doerfer)

Etymology

From *čalpa- (“to muddle”) +‎ *-mur (cf. *čalpaŋ (“mud”), *čalpak (“filth”)). Became *čamur due to the simplification of the consonant cluster *-lpm-.

Doerfer instead suggests a derivation from *čam-, an unattested earlier version of *čom- (“to sink”).

Noun

*čalpmur

1. (Common Turkic) mud

   Synonyms: *balčïk, *balïk, *čalpaŋ

Declension

Declension of *čalpmur

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*čalpmur
Accusative	*čalpmurug, *čalpmurnï1)
Genitive	*čalpmurnuŋ
Dative	*čalpmurka
Locative	*čalpmurta
Ablative	*čalpmurtan
Allative	*čalpmurgaru
Instrumental 2)	*čalpmurun
Equative 2)	*čalpmurča
Similative 2)	*čalpmurlayu
Comitative 2)	*čalpmurlugu

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: çamur
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: çamır
    • Ottoman Turkish:
      • Turkish: çamur
• Kipchak:
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: çamur

References

• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “çamur”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 98