Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bīr

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Proto-Turkic numbers ^(edit)

		10
		1	2  →	10  →
Cardinal: *bīr     Ordinal: *bīrinči     Distributive: *bīrer     Collective: *bīregü

Numeral

*bīr

1. one

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Volga Bulgar: بىر (bîr), برم (birim, “first”)
    • Chuvash: пӗр (pĕr)
• Common Turkic:

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: bî
• Oghuz: بِيْر
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: بر (bir)
    • Azerbaijani: bir
    • Ottoman Turkish: بر (bir, “one”)
      • Turkish: bir
      • Gagauz: bir
  • Turkmen: bir
  • Salar: bir
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: بيٖرْ (bir)
    • Khorezmian Turkic:
      • Chagatai:
        • Uyghur: بىر (bir)
        • Uzbek: bir
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: бер (ber)
    • Tatar: бер (ber) / ber
  • South Kipchak:
    • Kipchak-Nogai:
      • Karakalpak: bir
      • Kazakh: бір (bır)
      • Nogai: бир (bir)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Southern Altai: бир (bir)
      • Kyrgyz: бир (bir)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: бир (bir), bir
    • Karachay-Balkar: бир (bir)
    • Karaim: бир
    • Krymchak: быр
    • Kumyk: бир (bir)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰃𐰼 (b²ir² /⁠bir⁠/)
  • Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽶𐽾 (pyr /⁠bir⁠/)
    • Western Yugur: per
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: биир (bīr)
    • Yakut: биир (biir)
  • South Siberian:
    • Chulym: пир (pir)
    • Altai-Yenisei Turkic:
      • Northern Altai: бир (bir), пир (pir) (dialect), вир (vir) (dialect)
    • Sayan Turkic:
      • Tofa: бір, бірәә
      • Tuvan: бир (bir)
    • Yenisei Turkic:
      • Khakas: пір (pìr)
      • Shor: пир (pir)

References

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*bi̯uri”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill