Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/handijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *handijaną.

Verb

*handijan

1. to take by the hand; seize; grip; capture

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*handijan
1st sg. past	*handidā
Infinitive	*handijan
Genitive infin.	*handijannjas
Dative infin.	*handijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*handijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*handiju	*handidā
2nd singular	*handisi	*handidēs, *handidōs
3rd singular	*handiþi	*handidē, *handidā
1st plural	*handijum	*handidum
2nd plural	*handiþ	*handidud
3rd plural	*handijanþ	*handidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*handijē	*handidī
2nd singular	*handijēs	*handidī
3rd singular	*handijē	*handidī
1st plural	*handijēm	*handidīm
2nd plural	*handijēþ	*handidīd
3rd plural	*handijēn	*handidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*handi
Plural	*handiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*handijandī	*handid

Descendants

• Old English: *hendan
  • Middle English: henden
    • English: hend
    • ⇒ Middle English: handen, honden (form influenced by hand, hond)
      • English: hand
      • Scots: hand
  • ⇒ Old English: ġehendan
• Old Frisian: henda, handa
  • ⇒ Saterland Frisian: houndje
  • West Frisian: heine
• Old Saxon: *hendian
  • Middle Low German: *henden, *handen (form influenced by hant)
    • ⇒ Middle Low German: hendære, hender, handære
    • ⇒ Middle Low German: afhenden
    • ⇒ Middle Low German: vörhenden, vörhanden
    • ⇒ Middle Low German: belîfhanden
    • ⇒ Middle Low German: enthanden, enhanden
• Old Dutch: *henden
  • Middle Dutch: henden, handen
    • Dutch: henden, handen, heinen (dialectal)
• Old High German: hanten, *henten
  • Middle High German: henden, handen
    • ⇒ Middle High German: behenden
    • ⇒ Middle High German: enthenden
  • ⇒ Old High German: gihantit (ppt)