Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/smertan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *smertaną.

Verb

*smertan

1. to hurt, to smart

Inflection

Strong class 3
Infinitive	*smertan
1st sg. past	*smart
3rd pl. past	*smurtun
Past ptcple	*smortan
Infinitive	*smertan
Genitive infin.	*smertannjas
Dative infin.	*smertannjē
Instrum. infin.	*smertannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*smertu	*smart
2nd singular	*smirtiʀi	*smurtī
3rd singular	*smirtidi	*smart
1st plural	*smertum	*smurtum
2nd plural	*smirtid	*smurtud
3rd plural	*smertand	*smurtun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*smertē	*smurtī
2nd singular	*smertēs	*smurtī
3rd singular	*smertē	*smurtī
1st plural	*smertēm	*smurtīm
2nd plural	*smertēþ	*smurtīd
3rd plural	*smertēn	*smurtīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*smirt
Plural	*smirtid
	Present	Past
Participle	*smertandī	*smortan

Descendants

• Old English: *smeortan
  • Middle English: smerten, smeorten, smearten, smarten
    • English: smart
    • Scots: smert, smairt
• Old Frisian: *smerta
  • Saterland Frisian: smeete, smäite
  • West Frisian: smerte
• Old Saxon: *smertan
  • Middle Low German: smerten, smarten
    • German Low German: smarten
    • Low German: smerten
    • → Danish: smerte
    • → Swedish: smärta
    • → Norwegian: smerte
• Old Dutch: *smertan
  • Middle Dutch: smerten, smarten
    • Dutch: smarten
      • Afrikaans: smart
• Old High German: smerzan
  • Middle High German: schmerzen
    • German: schmerzen