Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/topp

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“summit, crest, tuft of hair”).

Noun

*topp m

1. top, summit, crest
2. tuft (of hair)

Declension

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*topp
Genitive	*toppas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*topp	*toppō, *toppōs
Accusative	*topp	*toppā
Genitive	*toppas	*toppō
Dative	*toppē	*toppum
Instrumental	*toppu	*toppum

Descendants

• Old English: top, topp; toppa
  • Middle English: top, toppe, topp, tope, toop
    • English: top
      • → French: top
      • → German: Top
      • → Vietnamese: tốp
    • Scots: tap
• Old Frisian: topp, top
  • North Frisian: top, tap, tup
  • Saterland Frisian: Top
  • West Frisian: top; toppe
• Old Saxon: *top
  • Middle Low German: top
    • Low German: Topp
      • → German: Topp
• Old Dutch: *topp, *top
  • Middle Dutch: top, topp
    • Dutch: top
• Old High German: zoph
  • Middle Low German: zopf
    • Cimbrian: sòpf
    • German: Zopf
    • Hunsrik: Zopp
    • Luxembourgish: Zapp
    • Vilamovian: cöp
    • Yiddish: צאָפּ (tsop)
  • → Italian: zuffa
• → Vulgar Latin: *toppus (see there for further descendants)