arraigar

Galician

Alternative forms

• arreigar

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *arradicāre (compare Portuguese arraigar, Spanish arraigar), from Latin radicāre, from rādīcō (“I take root”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [arajˈɣaɾ]

Verb

arraigar (first-person singular present arraigo, first-person singular preterite arraiguei, past participle arraigado)

1. (intransitive) to take root; to establish
   • 1390, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Os Miragres de Santiago. Versión gallega del Códice latino del siglo XII atribuido al papa Calisto I, Madrid: C.S.I.C., page 231:

     eu coydo et entẽdo que nõ he a creẽça de Ihesucristo arreigada en ti

     I think and understand that the belief in Jesus Christ has not took root in you

Conjugation

    Conjugation of arraigar (g-gu alternation)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	arraigar
Personal	arraigar	arraigares	arraigar	arraigarmos	arraigardes	arraigaren
Gerund
	arraigando
Past participle
Masculine	arraigado			arraigados
Feminine	arraigada			arraigadas
Indicative
Present	arraigo	arraigas	arraiga	arraigamos	arraigades	arraigan
Imperfect	arraigaba	arraigabas	arraigaba	arraigabamos	arraigabades	arraigaban
Preterite	arraiguei	arraigaches	arraigou	arraigamos	arraigastes	arraigaron
Pluperfect	arraigara	arraigaras	arraigara	arraigaramos	arraigarades	arraigaran
Future	arraigarei	arraigarás	arraigará	arraigaremos	arraigaredes	arraigarán
Conditional	arraigaría	arraigarías	arraigaría	arraigariamos	arraigariades	arraigarían
Subjunctive
Present	arraigue	arraigues	arraigue	arraiguemos	arraiguedes	arraiguen
Imperfect	arraigase	arraigases	arraigase	arraigásemos	arraigásedes	arraigasen
Future	arraigar	arraigares	arraigar	arraigarmos	arraigardes	arraigaren
Imperative
Affirmative		arraiga	arraigue	arraiguemos	arraigade	arraiguen
Negative (non)		non arraigues	non arraigue	non arraiguemos	non arraiguedes	non arraiguen

    Reintegrated conjugation of arraigar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	arraigar
Personal	arraigar	arraigares	arraigar	arraigarmos	arraigardes	arraigarem
Gerund
	arraigando
Past participle
Masculine	arraigado			arraigados
Feminine	arraigada			arraigadas
Indicative
Present	arraigo	arraigas	arraiga	arraigamos	arraigades, arraigais	arraigam
Imperfect	arraigava	arraigavas	arraigava	arraigávamos	arraigávades, arraigáveis, arraigávais1	arraigavam
Preterite	arraiguei	arraigaste, arraigache1	arraigou	arraigamos	arraigastes	arraigárom, arraigaram
Pluperfect	arraigara	arraigaras	arraigara	arraigáramos	arraigárades, arraigáreis, arraigárais1	arraigaram
Future	arraigarei	arraigarás	arraigará	arraigaremos	arraigaredes, arraigareis	arraigarám, arraigarão
Conditional	arraigaria	arraigarias	arraigaria	arraigaríamos	arraigaríades, arraigaríeis, arraigaríais1	arraigariam
Subjunctive
Present	arraigue	arraigues	arraigue	arraiguemos	arraiguedes, arraigueis	arraiguem
Imperfect	arraigasse	arraigasses	arraigasse	arraigássemos	arraigássedes, arraigásseis	arraigassem
Future	arraigar	arraigares	arraigar	arraigarmos	arraigardes	arraigarem
Imperative
Affirmative		arraiga	arraigue	arraiguemos	arraigade, arraigai	arraiguem
Negative (nom)		nom arraigues	nom arraigue	nom arraiguemos	nom arraiguedes, nom arraigueis	nom arraiguem

¹Less recommended.

Derived terms

• arraigada
• desarraigar

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “arraigar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “arreig”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “arraigar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “arraigar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “arraigar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “arraigar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• arreigar

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *arradicāre (compare Galician and Spanish arraigar), from Latin radicāre, from rādīcō (“to take root”). Doublet of radicar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.ʁajˈɡa(ʁ)/ [a.haɪ̯ˈɡa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.ʁajˈɡa(ʁ)/ [a.haɪ̯ˈɡa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /a.ʁajˈɡa(ɾ)/ [a.haɪ̯ˈɡa(ɾ)]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /a.ʁajˈɡa(ʁ)/ [a.χaɪ̯ˈɡa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.ʁajˈɡa(ɻ)/ [a.haɪ̯ˈɡa(ɻ)]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.ʁajˈɡaɾ/ [ɐ.ʁajˈɣaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.ʁajˈɡaɾ/ [ɐ.ʁajˈɣaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.ʁajˈɡa.ɾi/ [ɐ.ʁajˈɣa.ɾi]

• Hyphenation: ar‧rai‧gar

Verb

arraigar (first-person singular present arraigo, first-person singular preterite arraiguei, past participle arraigado)

1. (transitive) to root
2. (intransitive) to take root

Conjugation

    Conjugation of arraigar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	arraigar
Personal	arraigar	arraigares	arraigar	arraigarmos	arraigardes	arraigarem
Gerund
	arraigando
Past participle
Masculine	arraigado			arraigados
Feminine	arraigada			arraigadas
Indicative
Present	arraigo	arraigas	arraiga	arraigamos	arraigais	arraigam
Imperfect	arraigava	arraigavas	arraigava	arraigávamos	arraigáveis	arraigavam
Preterite	arraiguei	arraigaste	arraigou	arraigamos1, arraigámos2	arraigastes	arraigaram
Pluperfect	arraigara	arraigaras	arraigara	arraigáramos	arraigáreis	arraigaram
Future	arraigarei	arraigarás	arraigará	arraigaremos	arraigareis	arraigarão
Conditional	arraigaria	arraigarias	arraigaria	arraigaríamos	arraigaríeis	arraigariam
Subjunctive
Present	arraigue	arraigues	arraigue	arraiguemos	arraigueis	arraiguem
Imperfect	arraigasse	arraigasses	arraigasse	arraigássemos	arraigásseis	arraigassem
Future	arraigar	arraigares	arraigar	arraigarmos	arraigardes	arraigarem
Imperative
Affirmative		arraiga	arraigue	arraiguemos	arraigai	arraiguem
Negative (não)		não arraigues	não arraigue	não arraiguemos	não arraigueis	não arraiguem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Derived terms

• arraigado
• desarraigar

 

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *arradicāre (compare Portuguese arraigar, Galician arraigar), from Latin radicāre, from rādīcō (“to take root”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /araiˈɡaɾ/ [a.rai̯ˈɣ̞aɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: a‧rrai‧gar

Verb

arraigar (first-person singular present arraigo, first-person singular preterite arraigué, past participle arraigado)

1. (intransitive) to take root

   Synonym: enraizar

2. (transitive) to establish

   Synonym: establecer

3. to settle

   Synonym: asentar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of arraigar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			arraigar
gerund			arraigando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		arraigado		arraigada
		plural		arraigados		arraigadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	arraigo	arraigastú arraigásvos	arraiga	arraigamos	arraigáis	arraigan
	imperfect	arraigaba	arraigabas	arraigaba	arraigábamos	arraigabais	arraigaban
	preterite	arraigué	arraigaste	arraigó	arraigamos	arraigasteis	arraigaron
	future	arraigaré	arraigarás	arraigará	arraigaremos	arraigaréis	arraigarán
	conditional	arraigaría	arraigarías	arraigaría	arraigaríamos	arraigaríais	arraigarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	arraigue	arraiguestú arraiguésvos2	arraigue	arraiguemos	arraiguéis	arraiguen
	imperfect (ra)	arraigara	arraigaras	arraigara	arraigáramos	arraigarais	arraigaran
	imperfect (se)	arraigase	arraigases	arraigase	arraigásemos	arraigaseis	arraigasen
	future1	arraigare	arraigares	arraigare	arraigáremos	arraigareis	arraigaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		arraigatú arraigávos	arraigue	arraiguemos	arraigad	arraiguen
	negative		no arraigues	no arraigue	no arraiguemos	no arraiguéis	no arraiguen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of arraigar (g-gu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive arraigar
	dative	arraigarme	arraigarte	arraigarle, arraigarse	arraigarnos	arraigaros	arraigarles, arraigarse
	accusative	arraigarme	arraigarte	arraigarlo, arraigarla, arraigarse	arraigarnos	arraigaros	arraigarlos, arraigarlas, arraigarse
with gerund arraigando
	dative	arraigándome	arraigándote	arraigándole, arraigándose	arraigándonos	arraigándoos	arraigándoles, arraigándose
	accusative	arraigándome	arraigándote	arraigándolo, arraigándola, arraigándose	arraigándonos	arraigándoos	arraigándolos, arraigándolas, arraigándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative arraiga
	dative	arráigame	arráigate	arráigale	arráiganos	not used	arráigales
	accusative	arráigame	arráigate	arráigalo, arráigala	arráiganos	not used	arráigalos, arráigalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative arraigá
	dative	arraigame	arraigate	arraigale	arraiganos	not used	arraigales
	accusative	arraigame	arraigate	arraigalo, arraigala	arraiganos	not used	arraigalos, arraigalas
with formal second-person singular imperative arraigue
	dative	arráigueme	not used	arráiguele, arráiguese	arráiguenos	not used	arráigueles
	accusative	arráigueme	not used	arráiguelo, arráiguela, arráiguese	arráiguenos	not used	arráiguelos, arráiguelas
with first-person plural imperative arraiguemos
	dative	not used	arraiguémoste	arraiguémosle	arraiguémonos	arraiguémoos	arraiguémosles
	accusative	not used	arraiguémoste	arraiguémoslo, arraiguémosla	arraiguémonos	arraiguémoos	arraiguémoslos, arraiguémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative arraigad
	dative	arraigadme	not used	arraigadle	arraigadnos	arraigaos	arraigadles
	accusative	arraigadme	not used	arraigadlo, arraigadla	arraigadnos	arraigaos	arraigadlos, arraigadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative arraiguen
	dative	arráiguenme	not used	arráiguenle	arráiguennos	not used	arráiguenles, arráiguense
	accusative	arráiguenme	not used	arráiguenlo, arráiguenla	arráiguennos	not used	arráiguenlos, arráiguenlas, arráiguense

Derived terms

• arraigo
• desarraigar

 

Related terms

• raíz

 

Further reading

• “arraigar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28