confundo

Latin

Etymology

From con- (“with, together”) +‎ fundō (“pour”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /konˈfun.doː/, [kõːˈfʊn̪d̪oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /konˈfun.do/, [koɱˈfun̪d̪o]

Verb

cōnfundō (present infinitive cōnfundere, perfect active cōnfūdī, supine cōnfūsum); third conjugation

1. to pour, mingle, stir up

   Synonyms: fundō, effundō, diffundō, perfundō, dēfundō, indūcō, sternō, dissipō

2. to diffuse, suffuse, spread over

   Synonyms: effundō, fundō, sternō, differō, dissipō

3. (figuratively) to unite, mix together, join, combine, mingle

   Synonyms: misceō, commisceō

4. (figuratively) to confound, confuse, jumble together, bring into disorder; disconcert, perplex

Conjugation

   Conjugation of cōnfundō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	cōnfundō	cōnfundis	cōnfundit	cōnfundimus	cōnfunditis	cōnfundunt
	imperfect	cōnfundēbam	cōnfundēbās	cōnfundēbat	cōnfundēbāmus	cōnfundēbātis	cōnfundēbant
	future	cōnfundam	cōnfundēs	cōnfundet	cōnfundēmus	cōnfundētis	cōnfundent
	perfect	cōnfūdī	cōnfūdistī	cōnfūdit	cōnfūdimus	cōnfūdistis	cōnfūdērunt, cōnfūdēre
	pluperfect	cōnfūderam	cōnfūderās	cōnfūderat	cōnfūderāmus	cōnfūderātis	cōnfūderant
	future perfect	cōnfūderō	cōnfūderis	cōnfūderit	cōnfūderimus	cōnfūderitis	cōnfūderint
passive	present	cōnfundor	cōnfunderis, cōnfundere	cōnfunditur	cōnfundimur	cōnfundiminī	cōnfunduntur
	imperfect	cōnfundēbar	cōnfundēbāris, cōnfundēbāre	cōnfundēbātur	cōnfundēbāmur	cōnfundēbāminī	cōnfundēbantur
	future	cōnfundar	cōnfundēris, cōnfundēre	cōnfundētur	cōnfundēmur	cōnfundēminī	cōnfundentur
	perfect	cōnfūsus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	cōnfūsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	cōnfūsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	cōnfundam	cōnfundās	cōnfundat	cōnfundāmus	cōnfundātis	cōnfundant
imperfect	cōnfunderem	cōnfunderēs	cōnfunderet	cōnfunderēmus	cōnfunderētis	cōnfunderent
perfect	cōnfūderim	cōnfūderīs	cōnfūderit	cōnfūderīmus	cōnfūderītis	cōnfūderint
pluperfect	cōnfūdissem	cōnfūdissēs	cōnfūdisset	cōnfūdissēmus	cōnfūdissētis	cōnfūdissent
passive	present	cōnfundar	cōnfundāris, cōnfundāre	cōnfundātur	cōnfundāmur	cōnfundāminī	cōnfundantur
imperfect	cōnfunderer	cōnfunderēris, cōnfunderēre	cōnfunderētur	cōnfunderēmur	cōnfunderēminī	cōnfunderentur
perfect	cōnfūsus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	cōnfūsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	cōnfunde	—	—	cōnfundite	—
	future	—	cōnfunditō	cōnfunditō	—	cōnfunditōte	cōnfunduntō
passive	present	—	cōnfundere	—	—	cōnfundiminī	—
	future	—	cōnfunditor	cōnfunditor	—	—	cōnfunduntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		cōnfundere	cōnfūdisse	cōnfūsūrum esse	cōnfundī	cōnfūsum esse	cōnfūsum īrī
participles		cōnfundēns	—	cōnfūsūrus	—	cōnfūsus	cōnfundendus, cōnfundundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		cōnfundendī	cōnfundendō	cōnfundendum	cōnfundendō	cōnfūsum	cōnfūsū

Derived terms

• cōnfūsiō
• cōnfūsus

 

Descendants

• Catalan: confondre
• Italian: confondere
• Romanian: cufunda
• Old French: confondre, confundre
  • French: confondre
  • → English: confound
• Old Occitan: cofondre, confondre
  • Occitan: confondre
• Old Spanish: cohonder
• Sicilian: cunfùnniri
• → English: confuse
• → Portuguese: confundir
• → Romanian: confunda
• → Spanish: confundir

References

• “confundo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “confundo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• confundo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to confuse true with false: vera cum falsis confundere
    
  • to upset the whole constitution: omnes leges confundere
    

Portuguese

Verb

confundo

1. first-person singular present indicative of confundir

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /konˈfundo/ [kõɱˈfũn̪.d̪o]
• Rhymes: -undo
• Syllabification: con‧fun‧do

Verb

confundo

1. first-person singular present indicative of confundir