crude

English

Etymology

From Middle English crude, borrowed from Latin crūdus (“raw, bloody, uncooked, undigested, crude”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”). Cognate with Old English hrēaw (“raw, uncooked”). More at raw.

Pronunciation

• enPR: kro͞od, IPA^(key): /kɹuːd/
• (Scotland) IPA^(key): /kɹʉd/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uːd
• Homophone: crewed (except Scotland)

Adjective

crude (comparative cruder, superlative crudest)

1. In a natural, untreated state.

   Synonyms: raw, unrefined, unprocessed

   crude oil

2. Characterized by simplicity, especially something not carefully or expertly made.

   Synonyms: primitive, rough, rude, rudimentary

   a crude shelter

   a crude estimate

   a crude guess

3. Lacking concealing elements.

   Synonyms: obvious, plain, unadorned, undisguised

   a crude truth

4. Lacking tact or taste.

   Synonyms: blunt, coarse, earthy, gross, stark, uncultivated, vulgar

   a crude remark

   You shouldn't use such crude language when talking to the bank manager.

5. (archaic) Immature or unripe.

   Synonyms: immature, unripe

6. (obsolete) Uncooked, raw.
   • c. 1503–1512, John Skelton, Ware the Hauke; republished in John Scattergood, editor, John Skelton: The Complete English Poems, 1983, →OCLC, page 63, lines 77–78:

     Her mete was very crude,
     She had not wel endude; […]

7. (grammar) Pertaining to the uninflected stem of a word.

Synonyms

• (statistics: in an unanalyzed form): raw
• See also Thesaurus:raw

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “being in a natural state”): refined, processed

Derived terms

• crude birth rate
• crude death rate
• crude form/crudeform
• crudely
• crude material
• cruden
• crudeness
• crude oil
• crude sap
• crudesome
• crudy
• ultra large crude carrier
• uncrude
• very large crude carrier

 

Related terms

• crudity
• cruel
• cruelty

 

Translations

being in a natural state

• Bulgarian: суро́в (bg) (suróv), необрабо́тен (bg) (neobrabóten)
• Catalan: cru (ca)
• Czech: surový (cs) syrový (cs)
• Dutch: ruw (nl), onbewerkt (nl), ongeraffineerd
• Esperanto: kruda
• French: cru (fr)
• German: roh (de)
• Greek: ακατέργαστος (el) (akatérgastos), ανεπεξέργαστος (el) (anepexérgastos)
• Hebrew: גולמי m (golmy), גולמית f (golmyt)
• Hungarian: nyers (hu), finomítatlan (hu)
• Ido: kruda (io)
• Italian: greggio (it) m, grezzo (it)
• Macedonian: су́ров (súrov), необра́ботен (neobráboten)
• Ottoman Turkish: خام (ham)
• Persian: خام (fa) (xâm)
• Polish: surowy (pl), nieoczyszczony
• Portuguese: cru (pt), bruto (pt)
• Russian: необрабо́танный (ru) (neobrabótannyj), сыро́й (ru) (syrój)
• Spanish: crudo (es)
• Swedish: rå (sv), grov (sv), rå-
• Telugu: ముడి (te) (muḍi)
• Vietnamese: thô (vi)

characterized by simplicity

• Bulgarian: прост (bg) (prost), груб (bg) (grub)
• Czech: prostý (cs)
• Dutch: onafgewerkt, rudimentair (nl), primitief (nl)
• Estonian: rohmakas, tahumatu
• Finnish: yksinkertainen (fi)
• German: einfach gestrickt, schlicht (de), grob gezimmert
• Greek: αδρός (el) (adrós)
• Hungarian: kezdetleges (hu)
• Ido: kruda (io)
• Italian: rustico (it), raffazzonato (it)
• Latin: crudus
• Macedonian: прост (prost), груб (grub)
• Ottoman Turkish: بیاغی (bayağı)
• Polish: prymitywny (pl)
• Portuguese: rústico (pt)
• Russian: примити́вный (ru) (primitívnyj), просто́й (ru) (prostój), про́стенький (ru) (próstenʹkij)
• Spanish: rudimentario (es)
• Swedish: enkel (sv)
• Telugu: ముతక (te) (mutaka)

lacking concealing elements

• Catalan: cru (ca)
• Czech: zřejmý (cs), evidentní (cs), jasný (cs)
• Dutch: naakt (nl)
• French: cru (fr)
• German: nackt (de), pur (de)
• Greek: χονδροειδής (el) (chondroeidís)
• Ido: kruda (io)
• Italian: ovvio (it), crudo (it)
• Macedonian: ја́вен (jáven), непри́криен (nepríkrien)
• Plautdietsch: bollboarich
• Portuguese: cru (pt) m
• Russian: я́вный (ru) (jávnyj), неприкры́тый (ru) (neprikrýtyj)
• Spanish: crudo (es)
• Swedish: ohöljd (sv), oförblommerad (sv)

lacking tact or taste

• Bulgarian: груб (bg) (grub)
• Catalan: groller (ca)
• Czech: neomalený (cs)
• Dutch: ruw (nl), grof (nl), smakeloos (nl), vulgair (nl)
• Finnish: karkea (fi)
• French: vulgaire (fr) m or f, cru (fr)
• German: derb (de), krude (de) (scholarly), krass (de) (slang), roh (de), grob (de)
• Greek: άξεστος (el) (áxestos)
• Hindi: सड़कछाप (saṛakchāp)
• Hungarian: durva (hu), faragatlan (hu), nyers (hu)
• Irish: tútach
• Italian: volgare (it), crudo (it), semplice (it), grezzo (it)
• Macedonian: груб (grub)
• Ottoman Turkish: یوغون (yoğun), بیاغی (bayağı)
• Polish: nieokrzesany (pl)
• Portuguese: bruto (pt)
• Russian: гру́бый (ru) (grúbyj)
• Swedish: grov (sv), plump (sv), oborstad (sv)
• Telugu: నాటు (te) (nāṭu)

statistics: in an unanalyzed form

• Bulgarian: суро́в (bg) (suróv)
• Dutch: ruw (nl)
• French: brut (fr)
• German: roh (de)
• Greek: ανεπεξέργαστος (el) (anepexérgastos)
• Hungarian: nyers (hu)
• Italian: raffazzonato (it)
• Persian: خام (fa) (xâm)
• Russian: необрабо́танный (ru) (neobrabótannyj), сыро́й (ru) (syrój)
• Spanish: en bruto (es)
• Swedish: obearbetad (sv), rå (sv)
• Telugu: ముడి (te) (muḍi)

immature or unripe — see immature,‎ unripe

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Esperanto: ^{(please verify)} kruda petrolo, ^{(please verify)} nafto
• Indonesian: ^{(please verify)} mentah (id)
• Irish: ^{(please verify)} amhlabhrach (of speech)
• Italian: (1,2) ^{(please verify)} greggio, grezzo, (3,4) ^{(please verify)} crudo (it)

Noun

crude (countable and uncountable, plural crudes)

1. Any substance in its natural state.
3. Crude oil.
   • 2013 August 3, “Yesterday’s fuel”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

     The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania. The first barrels of crude fetched $18 (around $450 at today’s prices).

Derived terms

• biocrude
• Brent crude
• sour crude
• sweet crude
• syncrude

 

Descendants

• → Portuguese: crude

Translations

any substance in its natural state

• German: Rohstoff (de) m
• Greek: ακατέργαστος (el) m (akatérgastos), αργός (el) m (argós)
• Hungarian: nyers (hu)
• Italian: greggio (it) m, grezzo (it) m
• Swedish: råämne (sv) n

crude oil — see crude oil

Anagrams

• Druce, Ducre, cured

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkru.de/
• Rhymes: -ude
• Hyphenation: crù‧de

Adjective

crude

1. feminine plural of crudo

Anagrams

• curde

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈkruː.de/, [ˈkruːd̪ɛ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈkru.de/, [ˈkruːd̪e]

Adjective

crūde

1. vocative masculine singular of crūdus

References

• crude in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

Middle English

Etymology 1

Verb

crude

1. Alternative form of crouden

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin crūdus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkriu̯d(ə)/

Adjective

crude

1. unprocessed, uncooked, unworked (in a negative way)

Derived terms

• crudelite

Descendants

• English: crude (see there for further descendants)

References

• “crūde, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-09-10.

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from English crude (“unrefined oil”). Doublet of cru.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈkɾu.d͡ʒi/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈkɾu.d͡ʒi/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈkɾu.de/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈkɾu.dɨ/ [ˈkɾu.ðɨ]

• Hyphenation: cru‧de

Noun

crude m (plural crudes)

1. crude oil (unrefined oil)

Related terms

• cru
• cruel