cummae

Old Irish

FWOTD – 11 December 2024

Alternative forms

• cumbae, cumme

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kombeyom, from *kom- (“with”) + *beyom, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to strike”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkum(b)e/, [ˈkum(b)ɘ]

Noun

cummae n

1. verbal noun of con·ben: cutting, butchering, maiming
2. shape, form, appearance

Inflection

Neuter io-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	cummaeN	cummaeL	cummaeL
Vocative	cummaeN	cummaeL	cummaeL
Accusative	cummaeN	cummaeL	cummaeL
Genitive	cummaiL	cummaeL	cummaeN
Dative	cummuL	cummaib	cummaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Middle Irish: cuma
  • Irish: cuma
  • Scottish Gaelic: cumadh

Adjective

cummae

1. similar, alike (with fri or ocus)

Quotations

• c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 20^c25

  Níta chumme-se friusom.

  I am not like them.

Derived terms

• cummatu

Descendants

• Irish: cuma
• Scottish Gaelic: coma

Adverb

cummae

1. equally, in the same way

Mutation

Mutation of cummae

radical	lenition	nasalization
cummae	chummae	cummae pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cummae”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language