dér
Danish
editAdverb
editdér
Hungarian
editEtymology
editOf unknown origin.[1] Note resemblance to (and more discussion at) White Hmong te (“frost”), though the vast time depth required for a relation (i.e. when the pre-Uralic tribes were still in China), relative simplicity of the word structure, and absence in other Uralic languages (assuming the word existed in Proto-Uralic) makes a connection highly speculative.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editdér (usually uncountable, plural derek)
Declension
editInflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | dér | derek |
accusative | deret | dereket |
dative | dérnek | dereknek |
instrumental | dérrel | derekkel |
causal-final | dérért | derekért |
translative | dérré | derekké |
terminative | dérig | derekig |
essive-formal | dérként | derekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | dérben | derekben |
superessive | déren | dereken |
adessive | dérnél | dereknél |
illative | dérbe | derekbe |
sublative | dérre | derekre |
allative | dérhez | derekhez |
elative | dérből | derekből |
delative | dérről | derekről |
ablative | dértől | derektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
déré | dereké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
déréi | derekéi |
Possessive forms of dér | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | derem | dereim |
2nd person sing. | dered | dereid |
3rd person sing. | dere | derei |
1st person plural | derünk | dereink |
2nd person plural | deretek | dereitek |
3rd person plural | derük | dereik |
Derived terms
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ dér in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
edit- dér in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- dér in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
Old Irish
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Celtic *dakrom, from Proto-Indo-European *dáḱru. Celtic cognates include Welsh deigryn and Cornish dager. More distant Indo-European relatives include Old Norse tár, Old Armenian արտասուք (artasukʻ), Ancient Greek δάκρυ (dákru), and Latin lacrima.[1]
Alternative forms
edit- dǽr (Milan glosses)
Noun
editdér n (nominative plural dér)
Inflection
editNeuter o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | dérN | dérN | dérL, déra |
Vocative | dérN | dérN | dérL, déra |
Accusative | dérN | dérN | dérL, déra |
Genitive | déirL | dér | dérN |
Dative | dérL | déraib | déraib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Quotations
edit- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 23a13
- .i. robtar lugu na dǽr quam ad·fiadatar.
- i.e. the tears were fewer than are related.
- c. 815-840, “The Monastery of Tallaght”, in Edward J. Gwynn, Walter J. Purton, transl., Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, published 1911-1912, paragraph 66, pages 115-179:
- Níco[n]·tald-som iarum dér dia gruad statim co·tánic dochum Findio.
- Immediately thereafter, he did not wipe the tear from his cheek until he came to Findio.
Descendants
editFurther reading
edit- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “dér”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Etymology 2
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
edit·dér
Mutation
editradical | lenition | nasalization |
---|---|---|
dér | dér pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/ |
ndér |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
edit- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*dakro-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 87
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