des

See also: Appendix:Variations of "des"

English

Etymology 1

Noun

des

1. (medicine, colloquial) Desflurane.

Etymology 2

Noun

des

1. plural of de

Anagrams

• sed, eds, Eds, Esd., SDE, EDS, EDs, SED, eds., DSE, ESD

Bavarian

Etymology 1

Cognate with German German das.

Alternative forms

• 's (unstressed form)

Pronoun

des

1. this, that
2. it (nominative and accusative)

   Synonym: es

Usage notes

The pronoun des is always definite, i.e. referring to a noun or statement. For impersonal usage, see es.

See also

Bavarian personal pronouns

		nominative		accusative		dative
		stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed
1st person singular		i	—	mi	—	mia (mir)	ma
2nd person singular (informal)		du	—	di	—	dia (dir)	da
2nd person singular (formal)		Sie	—	Eahna	—	Eahna	—
3rd person singular	m	er	a	eahm	'n	eahm	'n
	n	es, des	's	des	's
	f	se, de	's	se	's	ihr	—
1st person plural		mia (mir)	ma	uns	—	uns	—
2nd person plural		eß, ihr	—	enk, eich	—	enk, eich	—
3rd person plural		se	's	eahna	—	eahna	—

Article

des n

1. the

See also

Bavarian articles

		m		n		f		pl
		stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed
definite	nominative	der, da	—	das, es, des	's	de	d'	de	d'
	accusative	en, den	'n
	dative	em, dem	'm	em, dem	'm	der, da	—
	genitive1	des		des		der, da		der, da
indefinite	nominative	a	—	a	—	a	—
	accusative	an	'n
	dative	am	'm	am	'm	a, ana	'na

¹) higher, formal register

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from German des.

Article

des

1. (higher register or poetic, Tyrol, Lower Austria, Styria) singular masculine and neuter genitive case of the definite article: of the
   • 1844, Johann Gabriel Seidl, Gedichte in niederösterreichischer Mundart, Druck und Verlag von J. P. Sollinger, Wien, page 210:

     Fragt má-r um den Grund des Wunders?

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1854, Gedichte im Tiroler Dialecte. Von C. v. L., p. 21 (in the poem Der Sommer. Im Kitzbichler Dialecte):

     Ge mooch a wenggail Stond
     Schau, weil i nett des Wegs a bi
     Oft thoan ma dlei mitnond
     Ey schaula Oergaill gest a zweg
     Schaugst gwiß dar Olma zua
     Oft had ma schia n dleichn Weg
     Hun höchst a besi Kua.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1870, Zither und Hackbret. Gedichte in obersteirischer Mundart von P. K. Rosegger. Mit einem Vorworte von Robert Hamerling, (Druck und Verlag von Josef Pock, Graz und Leipzig), p. 133:

     Und host bu bis des Priesters Hond
     Erhebt des Kelches Wein,
     Den Thurm erbaut zum Himmelsfol,
     So bist du wieda mein!

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1885, Edelweiß. Gedichte in niederösterreichischer Mundart von J. G. Hauer. Mit einem Vorworte von P. K. Rosegger, (Druck und Verlag von Carl Gerold's Sohn, Wien), p. 133:

     Bet s dr Engl des Herrn o,
     Moch drauf wieda s Kreuz:

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Catalan

Etymology 1

Inherited from Late Latin de ēx.

Preposition

des

1. from

Derived terms

• des de
• des que

Etymology 2

Contraction

des

1. Contraction of de and es.

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

des (obsolete)

1. inflection of dar:
   1. second-person singular present subjunctive
   2. first/third-person singular imperfect subjunctive

References

• “des” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Cimbrian

Pronoun

des

1. nominative/accusative singular neuter of dèar

   Des ist 's khint dar main sbéstare. ― This is my sister's child.

   Des ist an guuts baip. ― This is a good woman.

Determiner

des

1. nominative/accusative singular neuter of dèar

   Des ròss is net main. ― This horse is not mine.

See also

Declension of dèar
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative	dèar	dòi	des	dii / zòi
accusative	den	dòi	des	dii / zòi
dative	dèmme	dèar	dèmme	den

Further reading

• “des” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Danish

Conjunction

des

1. the

   Jo større den er, des gladere bliver jeg.

   The larger it is, the gladder I shall be.

Synonyms

• jo, desto

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dɛs/, (historic) /dəs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: des

Article

des

1. (archaic) genitive singular masculine/neuter of de (“the”)

Usage notes

• Note that normally only the nominative de/het is used. The other forms are archaic, but survive in numerous idiomatic expressions such as des huizes, des morgens (itself archaic and shortened, like similar expressions, to 's morgens in contemporary Dutch).
• The current pronunciation is a spelling pronunciation. Before the word became archaic, it was pronounced with a schwa, /dəs/.

Declension

Dutch definite article

	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative	de	de	het	de
genitive1	des	der	des	der
dative1	den	der	den	den
accusative1	den	de	het	de
1) Archaic

Synonyms

• 's

Conjunction

des

1. the ... the (used with te as an intensifier to indicate the degree of an action)

   Des te vaker de mensen Willem de rug toekeren des te beter! ― The more often people turn their back at Willem the better!

East Central German

Etymology

Cognate to German des.

Article

des

1. (Silesian, Gebirgsschlesisch, Breslauisch, genitive) of the

Esperanto

Etymology

From Swedish and German desto.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [des]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: des

Particle

des

1. the; used with ju and either pli (“more”) or malpli (“less”) to form the second half of a coordinated comparative.

   Ju pli mi lernas, des pli mi scias.

   The more I learn, the more I know.

   • 1903, Ben Elmy, “La Lingvo de la floroj”, in The Esperantist: The Esperanto Gazette for the Spreading of the International Language, page 138:

     Ju pli ni studas la florojn, des pli ni konstatas, ke multe da ili posedas nesuspektitajn lertecojn, kiujn apud besto ni volonte nomus instinkto aŭ еĉ prudento.

     The more we study the flowers, the more we establish that many of them possess unexpected abilities, which in an animal we would willingly call instinct or even foresight.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Coordinate terms

• ju

Fiji Hindi

Etymology

Hindi देश (deś).

Noun

des

1. country

   India ek prachin des hae.

   India is an old country.

Finnish

Etymology

From German Des (German key notation).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdes/, [ˈde̞s̠]
• Rhymes: -es
• Hyphenation^(key): des

Noun

des

1. (music) D-flat

Usage notes

Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.

Declension

Inflection of des (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		des	desit
genitive		desin	desien
partitive		desiä	desejä
illative		desiin	deseihin
		singular	plural
nominative		des	desit
accusative	nom.	des	desit
	gen.	desin
genitive		desin	desien
partitive		desiä	desejä
inessive		desissä	deseissä
elative		desistä	deseistä
illative		desiin	deseihin
adessive		desillä	deseillä
ablative		desiltä	deseiltä
allative		desille	deseille
essive		desinä	deseinä
translative		desiksi	deseiksi
abessive		desittä	deseittä
instructive		—	desein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of des (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative desini desini accusative nom. desini desini gen. desini genitive desini desieni partitive desiäni desejäni inessive desissäni deseissäni elative desistäni deseistäni illative desiini deseihini adessive desilläni deseilläni ablative desiltäni deseiltäni allative desilleni deseilleni essive desinäni deseinäni translative desikseni deseikseni abessive desittäni deseittäni instructive — — comitative — deseineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative desisi desisi accusative nom. desisi desisi gen. desisi genitive desisi desiesi partitive desiäsi desejäsi inessive desissäsi deseissäsi elative desistäsi deseistäsi illative desiisi deseihisi adessive desilläsi deseilläsi ablative desiltäsi deseiltäsi allative desillesi deseillesi essive desinäsi deseinäsi translative desiksesi deseiksesi abessive desittäsi deseittäsi instructive — — comitative — deseinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative desimme desimme accusative nom. desimme desimme gen. desimme genitive desimme desiemme partitive desiämme desejämme inessive desissämme deseissämme elative desistämme deseistämme illative desiimme deseihimme adessive desillämme deseillämme ablative desiltämme deseiltämme allative desillemme deseillemme essive desinämme deseinämme translative desiksemme deseiksemme abessive desittämme deseittämme instructive — — comitative — deseinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative desinne desinne accusative nom. desinne desinne gen. desinne genitive desinne desienne partitive desiänne desejänne inessive desissänne deseissänne elative desistänne deseistänne illative desiinne deseihinne adessive desillänne deseillänne ablative desiltänne deseiltänne allative desillenne deseillenne essive desinänne deseinänne translative desiksenne deseiksenne abessive desittänne deseittänne instructive — — comitative — deseinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative desinsä desinsä accusative nom. desinsä desinsä gen. desinsä genitive desinsä desiensä partitive desiään desiänsä desejään desejänsä inessive desissään desissänsä deseissään deseissänsä elative desistään desistänsä deseistään deseistänsä illative desiinsä deseihinsä adessive desillään desillänsä deseillään deseillänsä ablative desiltään desiltänsä deseiltään deseiltänsä allative desilleen desillensä deseilleen deseillensä essive desinään desinänsä deseinään deseinänsä translative desikseen desiksensä deseikseen deseiksensä abessive desittään desittänsä deseittään deseittänsä instructive — — comitative — deseineen deseinensä

Derived terms

compounds

• Des-duuri

 

Franco-Provençal

Determiner

des

1. plural of un

French

Etymology

The use as an article is a special case of the contraction.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /de/, (before a vowel) /de.z‿/
• IPA^(key): /dɛ/, (before a vowel) /dɛ.z‿/

• Audio:

  (file)

Article

des m pl or f pl

1. plural of un (“some; the plural indefinite article”)
2. plural of une (“some; the plural indefinite article”)
3. plural of du (“some; the plural partitive article”)
4. plural of de la (“some; the plural partitive article”)
5. plural of de l’ (“some; the plural partitive article”)

Usage notes

• The plural indefinite article des is elided when it would follow the preposition de.

Derived terms

• et des

Contraction

des

1. Contraction of de les (“of the, from the, some”).

Further reading

• “des”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Galician

Etymology

From Latin dē + ex.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /des/

Preposition

des

1. since
2. from (a location)

Derived terms

• des que
• desde

Further reading

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “des”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “des”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

German

Alternative forms

• -'s

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dəs/ (generally)
• IPA^(key): /dɛs/ (when stressed, which is rare)

• Audio:

  (file)

Article

des

1. genitive masculine/neuter singular of der: the

Declension

German definite articles
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	der	die	das	die
Genitive	des	der	des	der
Dative	dem	der	dem	den
Accusative	den	die	das	die

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Guinea-Bissau Creole cardinal numbers

<  9	10	11  >
Cardinal : des

Etymology

From Portuguese dez. Cognate with Kabuverdianu dés.

Numeral

des

1. ten (10)

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /deːs/, [d̪eːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /des/, [d̪ɛs]

Verb

dēs

1. second-person singular present active subjunctive of dō

Lombard

Alternative forms

• dex, dés (Western orthographies)
• déss (Eastern orthographies)

Etymology

From Latin decem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /des/, [deːs]
• IPA^(key): /des/, [deːh], [deːʰ], [deː] (High Brescian and Bergamasque)
• IPA^(key): /des/, [deːʃ] (Ticinese and Valtellinese)

Numeral

des

1. ten

Megleno-Romanian

Etymology

From Latin densus.

Adjective

des

1. frequent, often
2. abundant, copious
3. dense, thick

Middle Dutch

Article

des

1. masculine/neuter genitive singular of die

Middle English

Etymology 1

Noun

des

1. Alternative form of deis (“dais”)

Etymology 2

Noun

des

1. plural of de (“die”)

Noun

des

1. Alternative form of dees (“die”)

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

From Late Latin dē ex.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /des̺/

Preposition

des

1. since (from a time)
   • 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 188 (facsimile):

     q̇ mui de coraçon ſenpre a amou des menỹnez

     who loved her very heartily since childhood

Descendants

• Galician: des
• Portuguese: dês

Forms combined with de:

• Fala: desde
• Galician: desde
• Portuguese: desde

Piedmontese

Piedmontese cardinal numbers

<  9	10	11  >
Cardinal : des

Etymology

From Latin decem, from Proto-Italic *dekem. Cognates include Italian diece and French dix.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /des/

Numeral

des

1. ten

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin dēnsus (“dense; frequent”), from Proto-Indo-European *dens- (“thick, dense”). Doublet of dens, a borrowing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /des/

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

des m or n (feminine singular deasă, masculine plural deși, feminine and neuter plural dese)

1. frequent, often

   Antonym: rar

2. abundant, copious
3. dense, thick

Declension

		singular				plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine		masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative- accusative	indefinite	des		deasă		deși	dese
	definite	desul		deasa		deșii	desele
genitive- dative	indefinite	des		dese		deși	dese
	definite	desului		desei		deșilor	deselor

Derived terms

• desiș

Related terms

• îndesa

See also

• dens

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdes/ [ˈd̪es]
• Rhymes: -es
• Syllabification: des

Etymology 1

Inherited from Late Latin dē ex.

Preposition

des

1. (rare) since

Derived terms

• desde

 

Further reading

• “des”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

des f pl

1. plural of de

Etymology 3

Verb

des

1. inflection of dar:
   1. second-person singular present subjunctive
   2. second-person singular voseo present subjunctive

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English desk.

Noun

des

1. desk

Welsh

Alternative forms

• deles (colloquial)
• deses (colloquial)
• dethes (colloquial)
• deuthum (literary)
• dois (colloquial)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /deːs/

Verb

des

1. first-person singular preterite colloquial of dod

Mutation

Mutated forms of des

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
des	ddes	nes	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Zazaki

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *dáca (“ten”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥ (“ten”).

Numeral

des

1. ten