dhe

Albanian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Albanian *dže, from Proto-Indo-European *-kʷe. Unlike its cognate descendants of Proto-Indo-European *-kʷe, dhe has lost its clitic behaviour, becoming like a typical coordinating conjunction such as English and.

Alternative forms

edhe, e

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ðe/
Audio: (file)

Conjunction

dhe

and (used to connect two similar words, phrases, et cetera)
also

Etymology 2

From Proto-Albanian *dzō, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰōm (“earth”).^[1] Compare Ancient Greek χθών (khthṓn), Latin humus, Old Church Slavonic землꙗ (zemlja). By some identified as the source of Ancient Greek δῆ (dê, “earth”).^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ðe/

Noun

dhe m (plural dhera, definite dheu, definite plural dherat)

earth, land
soil

Declension

Declension of dhe

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	dhe	dheu	dhera	dherat
accusative	dhe	dheun	dhera	dherat
dative	dheu	dheut	dherave	dherave
ablative	dheu	dheut	dherash	dherave

Derived terms

Related terms

References

^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “dhe”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 80
^ Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak (2016) “The earliest Albanian loanwords in Greek”, in lnternational Conference on Language Contact in the Balkans and Asia Minor‎^[1], page 41

Cornish

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *di, from Proto-Celtic *dū, related to Breton da (“to, for”), Welsh i (“to, for”), Irish do (“to, for”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ðə/

Preposition

dhe (triggers soft mutation)

to (expresses purpose)
- 1707, Edward Lhuyd, “Dzhûan Tſhei An Hɐr”, in Archæologia Britannica:
  me a vedn mɐz δa huillaz huêl δɐ îl
  I am going to go to look for work to do
(when inflected for person) to someone, towards someone
- 1707, Edward Lhuyd, “Dzhûan Tſhei An Hɐr”, in Archæologia Britannica:
  Na meδ e veſter rei δem, ha me a vedn laveral δîz
  No, said his boss, give [it] to me, and I will tell you
expresses possession

Inflection

Standard Cornish

	Singular	Plural
First person	dhybm, dhymm, dhèm	dhyn
Second person	dhis	dhywgh
Third person	dhodho (m); dhedhy (f)	dhedhans, dhodhans, dhedha

Irish

Alternative forms

de

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /jɛ/^[1]^[2]

Pronoun

dhe (emphatic dhesean)

third-person singular masculine of de

References

^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume I, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 194
^ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977) Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 302, page 142

Scottish Gaelic

Preposition

dhe (+ dative)

Alternative form of de

[1] Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “dhe”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 80

[2] Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak (2016) “The earliest Albanian loanwords in Greek”, in lnternational Conference on Language Contact in the Balkans and Asia Minor‎^[1], page 41

[3] Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume I, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 194

[4] Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977) Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 302, page 142

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