dis-
English
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Middle English dis-, borrowed from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editdis-
- Not, the reverse of. (Especially forming words with a negative connotation)
- Synonyms: un-, non-, de-, in-, an-, a-
- dis- + agree → disagree
- dis- + connect → disconnect
- dis- + satisfied → dissatisfied
- dis- + interested → disinterested
- dis- + honour → dishonour
- Expressing separation or removal.
- Used as an intensifier.
- dis- + embowel → disembowel
- dis- + annul → disannul (“to annul”)
- Alternative form of dys- (“incorrect”)
- dis- + function → disfunction
Usage notes
edit- When attached to a verbal root, prefixes often change the first vowel (whether initial or preceded by a consonant/consonant cluster) of that verb. These phonological changes took place in Latin and usually do not apply to words created (as in New Latin) from Latin components since Latin became a 'dead' language. Note: the combination of prefix and following vowel did not always yield the same change. Also, these changes in vowels are not necessarily particular to being prefixed with dis- (i.e. other prefixes sometimes cause the same vowel change- see con-, ex-).
Derived terms
editTranslations
editNOTE: Words using the prefix dis- do not necessarily use the prefixes given here when translated. See individual words for more accurate translations.
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See also
editSee also
editReferences
edit- “dis-”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
- “dis-”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
Anagrams
editCatalan
editEtymology 1
editBorrowed from Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-).
Prefix
editdis-
Etymology 2
editBorrowed from Latin dis-. Compare the inherited des-.
Prefix
editdis-
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “dis-” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “dis-”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “dis-” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
Dutch
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editPrefix
editdis-
Esperanto
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editdis-
- shows separation, dissemination, e.g. semi (“sow”) > dissemi (“disseminate”) ; ŝiri (“tear”) > disŝiri (“tear to pieces”).
Derived terms
editFrench
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Latin dis-. Compare the inherited dé-.
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editdis-
Derived terms
editFriulian
editEtymology
editFrom Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís. See also s-.
Prefix
editdis-
- dis-
- as intensifier
- dis- + sfidâ (“to challenge”) → disfidâ (“to compete”)
- dis- + scuvierzi (“to discover, to uncover”) → discuvierzi (“to find out, to unveil”)
Derived terms
editGothic
editRomanization
editdis-
- Romanization of 𐌳𐌹𐍃-
Ido
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Esperanto dis-, from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.
Prefix
editdis-
- shows separation or dissemination
Derived terms
editIndonesian
editEtymology
editFrom Dutch dis-, from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editdis-
- dis- (“reversal, removal; apart”)
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “dis-” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Irish
editPrefix
editdis-
- Alternative form of dios-
Mutation
editradical | lenition | eclipsis |
---|---|---|
dis- | dhis- | ndis- |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Italian
editEtymology
editFrom Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís. See also s-.
Prefix
editdis-
- dis-
- dis- + fare (“do”) → disfare (“undo”)
- dis- + organizzare (“organize”) → disorganizzare (“disorganize”)
Derived terms
editSee also
editLatin
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editSeemingly a mix of Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad”), Proto-Indo-European *dwi- (“two”) (doublet of bi-) and Proto-Indo-European *dwís (“twice, in two”) (doublet of bis), from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (“two”). De Vaan proposes that either Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad”) was reformed to Proto-Italic *dis- by analogy with Proto-Indo-European *dwi- (“two”), or that *dwis- was changed to *dis- by dissimilation before roots starting with *w.[1] Cognate with Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-), Ancient Greek διά (diá), Ancient Greek δίς (dís), Sanskrit द्विस् (dvis).
Prefix
editdis-
- asunder, apart, in two
- dīmittō ― dismiss, disband
- discēdō ― part, separate
- reversal, removal
- dissimulō ― disguise, conceal
- utterly, exceedingly
- differtus ― stuffed full
Usage notes
edit- Before b, d, g, l, m, n, r, sc, sp, st and v, the prefix becomes dī-.
- Before f, the prefix becomes dif-.
- Before a consonantal i, the prefix may become dī- or remain as dis-.
- Before a vowel or h, the prefix becomes dir- in the two verbs diribeō and dirimō, which arose early enough to be subject to rhotacism, but from Classical Latin onwards, dis- is used (see, for example, dishiascō in Cato).
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “dis-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 171-172
Further reading
edit- “dis-”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Middle English
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Old French des- and its source Latin dis-.
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editdis-
- Forms words denoting reversal or removal; dis-, de-.
- Synonym: de-
- Intensifies words with a negative connotation; dis-, de-.
- Synonym: de-
Usage notes
edit- Sometimes used interchangeably with de-; see that entry for more.
Derived terms
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- “des-, pref.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- “dis-, pref.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Portuguese
editPronunciation
edit
Etymology 1
editBorrowed from Latin dis-. Compare the inherited des-.
Prefix
editdis-
- dis- (indicates separation)
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editBorrowed from New Latin dys-, from Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, “bad, hard”).
Alternative forms
editPrefix
editdis-
Spanish
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Latin dis-. Compare the inherited des-.
Prefix
editdis-
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “dis-”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
Welsh
editPronunciation
editPrefix
editdis-
- intensifying prefix
- negative prefix
Derived terms
editMutation
edit- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Latin
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English lemmas
- English prefixes
- English intensifiers
- English unproductive prefixes
- Catalan terms borrowed from Ancient Greek
- Catalan terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan prefixes
- Catalan terms with usage examples
- Catalan terms borrowed from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan doublets
- Dutch terms derived from Latin
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch prefixes
- Esperanto terms borrowed from Latin
- Esperanto terms derived from Latin
- Esperanto terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Esperanto terms with audio pronunciation
- Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Esperanto lemmas
- Esperanto prefixes
- Esperanto 1894 Universala Vortaro
- Words approved by the Akademio de Esperanto
- Esperanto BRO1
- French terms borrowed from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French doublets
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French prefixes
- Friulian terms inherited from Latin
- Friulian terms derived from Latin
- Friulian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Friulian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Friulian lemmas
- Friulian prefixes
- Gothic non-lemma forms
- Gothic romanizations
- Ido terms borrowed from Esperanto
- Ido terms derived from Esperanto
- Ido terms derived from Latin
- Ido terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ido lemmas
- Ido prefixes
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Latin
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Indonesian 1-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian prefixes
- Irish lemmas
- Irish prefixes
- Italian terms inherited from Latin
- Italian terms derived from Latin
- Italian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Italian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Italian lemmas
- Italian prefixes
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin doublets
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin lemmas
- Latin prefixes
- Latin terms with usage examples
- Middle English terms borrowed from Old French
- Middle English terms derived from Old French
- Middle English terms borrowed from Latin
- Middle English terms derived from Latin
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English prefixes
- Portuguese 1-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese terms borrowed from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese doublets
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese prefixes
- Portuguese terms borrowed from New Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from New Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Ancient Greek
- pt:Medicine
- Spanish terms borrowed from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish doublets
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish prefixes
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Welsh lemmas
- Welsh prefixes