dusēt
Latvian
editEtymology
editOriginally the iterative form of dust (“to feel shortness of breath”) (still dialectally attested), from Proto-Baltic *dus-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰus-, *dʰūs-, *dʰwes- (“to blow”), whence also Latvian dvest (“to breathe”). The original meaning of dusēt was thus “to breathe heavily” (still visible in the related term aizdusa (“shortness of breath”)) from which “to breathe audibly” > “to breathe deeply (as in sleep)” > “to sleep”.
Cognates include Lithuanian dùsti (“to run out of breath; to choke, to stifle”), dusė́ti (“to breathe heavily; to sob”), Old Church Slavonic дꙑхати (dyxati, “to breathe, to blow”), Russian дыша́ть (dyšátʹ, “to breathe”), Belarusian ды́хаць (dýxacʹ), Ukrainian ди́хати (dýxaty), Bulgarian ди́шам (díšam), Czech dychati, Polish dychać.[1]
Pronunciation
editVerb
editdusēt (intransitive, 3rd conjugation, present dusu, dusi, dus, past dusēju)
- (poetic) to sleep; to rest
- mierīgi, saldi dusēt ― to sleep peacefully, sweetly
- dusi saldi! ― sleep well! (lit. sweetly)
- dusošā skaistule ― sleeping beauty
- dusēt, gulēt kā mātes klēpī ― to sleep as if on (one's) mother's lap
- mazu brīdi pēc Annužas aiziešanas Liena sēdēja pie dusošas meitiņas šūpuļa ― shortly after Annuža's departure Liena was sitting by the cradle of the little sleeping girl
- mēs nenākam dusēt, nedz atvaļu ņemt ― we did not come to sleep or to take holidays
- (figuratively) to be dead, to rest
- brāļu kapi... šeit dus tie, kas nolika galvu par mūsu dzimteni ― brethren cemetery... here rest those who gave (their) lives (lit. rested their heads) for our fatherland
- dusi, manu puisīt, lielajā varoņu pulkā! jūs esat krituši par nākotni, par sabiedrību, kurā karš vairs nebūtu iespējams ― sleep, dear boy, in a regiment of great heroes! you have fallen for the future, for a society in which war will no longer be possible
Conjugation
editINDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
1st pers. sg. | es | dusu | dusēju | dusēšu | — |
2nd pers. sg. | tu | dusi | dusēji | dusēsi | dusi |
3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | dus | dusēja | dusēs | lai dus |
1st pers. pl. | mēs | dusam | dusējām | dusēsim | dusēsim |
2nd pers. pl. | jūs | dusat | dusējāt | dusēsiet, dusēsit |
dusiet |
3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | dus | dusēja | dusēs | lai dus |
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
Present | dusot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | dusošs | ||
Past | esot dusējis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | dusēdams | ||
Future | dusēšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | dusot | ||
Imperative | lai dusot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | dusam | ||
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | dusējis | |||
Present | dusētu | Present Passive | — | ||
Past | būtu dusējis | Past Passive | — | ||
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
Indicative | (būt) jādus | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | dusēt | ||
Conjunctive 1 | esot jādus | Negative Infinitive | nedusēt | ||
Conjunctive 2 | jādusot | Verbal noun | dusēšana |
Synonyms
editRelated terms
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “dusēt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰwes-
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian words with broken intonation
- Latvian terms with audio pronunciation
- Latvian intransitive verbs
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian verbs
- Latvian poetic terms
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- Latvian third conjugation verbs
- Latvian third conjugation verbs in -ēt