engourdir

French

Etymology

From en- +‎ gourd +‎ -ir.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.diʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

engourdir

1. (transitive) to numb, make numb
2. (transitive) to dull, deaden, blunt
3. (reflexive) to go numb, go to sleep

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of engourdir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	engourdir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	engourdissant /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		engourdi /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	engourdis /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/	engourdis /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/	engourdit /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/	engourdissons /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sɔ̃/	engourdissez /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.se/	engourdissent /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dis/
	imperfect	engourdissais /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sɛ/	engourdissais /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sɛ/	engourdissait /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sɛ/	engourdissions /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sjɔ̃/	engourdissiez /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sje/	engourdissaient /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sɛ/
	past historic2	engourdis /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/	engourdis /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/	engourdit /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/	engourdîmes /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dim/	engourdîtes /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dit/	engourdirent /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.diʁ/
	future	engourdirai /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁe/	engourdiras /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁa/	engourdira /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁa/	engourdirons /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁɔ̃/	engourdirez /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁe/	engourdiront /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	engourdirais /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁɛ/	engourdirais /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁɛ/	engourdirait /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁɛ/	engourdirions /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁjɔ̃/	engourdiriez /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁje/	engourdiraient /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	engourdisse /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dis/	engourdisses /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dis/	engourdisse /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dis/	engourdissions /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sjɔ̃/	engourdissiez /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sje/	engourdissent /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dis/
	imperfect2	engourdisse /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dis/	engourdisses /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dis/	engourdît /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/	engourdissions /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sjɔ̃/	engourdissiez /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sje/	engourdissent /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	engourdis /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/	—	engourdissons /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sɔ̃/	engourdissez /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “engourdir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.