excuso

See also: excusó

Catalan

Verb

excuso

first-person singular present indicative of excusar

Latin

Etymology

From ex- +‎ causa (“cause, reason; case”) +‎ -ō.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ekˈskuː.soː/, [ɛkˈs̠kuːs̠oː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ekˈsku.so/, [ekˈskuːs̬o]

Verb

excūsō (present infinitive excūsāre, perfect active excūsāvī, supine excūsātum); first conjugation

to excuse, allege in excuse, free from a charge
to cite as an excuse or pretext or justification
to exempt, dispense
to justify by an excuse
- Saint Jerome
  Dum excusare credis, accusas
  When you believe you are excusing yourself, you are accusing yourself.

Conjugation

Conjugation of excūsō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular			plural
indicative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	excūsō	excūsās	excūsat	excūsāmus	excūsātis	excūsant
	imperfect	excūsābam	excūsābās	excūsābat	excūsābāmus	excūsābātis	excūsābant
	future	excūsābō	excūsābis	excūsābit	excūsābimus	excūsābitis	excūsābunt
	perfect	excūsāvī	excūsāvistī, excūsāstī¹	excūsāvit, excūsāt¹	excūsāvimus, excūsāmus¹	excūsāvistis, excūsāstis¹	excūsāvērunt, excūsāvēre, excūsārunt¹
	pluperfect	excūsāveram, excūsāram¹	excūsāverās, excūsārās¹	excūsāverat, excūsārat¹	excūsāverāmus, excūsārāmus¹	excūsāverātis, excūsārātis¹	excūsāverant, excūsārant¹
	future perfect	excūsāverō, excūsārō¹	excūsāveris, excūsāris¹	excūsāverit, excūsārit¹	excūsāverimus, excūsārimus¹	excūsāveritis, excūsāritis¹	excūsāverint, excūsārint¹
passive	present	excūsor	excūsāris, excūsāre	excūsātur	excūsāmur	excūsāminī	excūsantur
	imperfect	excūsābar	excūsābāris, excūsābāre	excūsābātur	excūsābāmur	excūsābāminī	excūsābantur
	future	excūsābor	excūsāberis, excūsābere	excūsābitur	excūsābimur	excūsābiminī	excūsābuntur
	perfect	excūsātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	excūsātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	excūsātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
subjunctive		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	excūsem	excūsēs	excūset	excūsēmus	excūsētis	excūsent
imperfect	excūsārem	excūsārēs	excūsāret	excūsārēmus	excūsārētis	excūsārent
perfect	excūsāverim, excūsārim¹	excūsāverīs, excūsārīs¹	excūsāverit, excūsārit¹	excūsāverīmus, excūsārīmus¹	excūsāverītis, excūsārītis¹	excūsāverint, excūsārint¹
pluperfect	excūsāvissem, excūsāssem¹	excūsāvissēs, excūsāssēs¹	excūsāvisset, excūsāsset¹	excūsāvissēmus, excūsāssēmus¹	excūsāvissētis, excūsāssētis¹	excūsāvissent, excūsāssent¹
passive	present	excūser	excūsēris, excūsēre	excūsētur	excūsēmur	excūsēminī	excūsentur
imperfect	excūsārer	excūsārēris, excūsārēre	excūsārētur	excūsārēmur	excūsārēminī	excūsārentur
perfect	excūsātus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	excūsātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
imperative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	excūsā	—	—	excūsāte	—
active	future	—	excūsātō	excūsātō	—	excūsātōte	excūsantō
passive	present	—	excūsāre	—	—	excūsāminī	—
passive	future	—	excūsātor	excūsātor	—	—	excūsantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
non-finite forms		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		excūsāre	excūsāvisse, excūsāsse¹	excūsātūrum esse	excūsārī	excūsātum esse	excūsātum īrī
participles		excūsāns	—	excūsātūrus	—	excūsātus	excūsandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		excūsandī	excūsandō	excūsandum	excūsandō	excūsātum	excūsātū

¹At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Catalan: excusar
Old French: escuser
- Middle French: excuser
  - French: excuser
- → Middle English: excusen, escusen
  - English: excuse
Galician: escusar
Italian: scusare
Occitan: excusar
Portuguese: escusar
Romanian: scuza
Sardinian: iscugiare
Spanish: excusar
→ Welsh: esgus

References

“excuso”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“excuso”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
excuso in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to excuse oneself on the score of health: valetudinem (morbum) excusare (Liv. 6. 22. 7)
- to plead ill-health as an excuse for absence: excusare morbum, valetudinem

Spanish

Verb

excuso

first-person singular present indicative of excusar