foss
English
editEtymology 1
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
edit- (General American) IPA(key): /fɑs/, /fɔs/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /fɒs/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
Noun
editfoss (plural fosses)
- Alternative spelling of fosse.
Etymology 2
editFrom Icelandic or Norwegian foss, both from Old Norse fors (“waterfall”). Doublet of force (“waterfall”).
Pronunciation
edit- (General American) IPA(key): /fɔs/
Noun
editfoss (plural fosses)
- (Northern England) A waterfall.
- 2017, Benjamin Myers, The Gallows Pole, Bloomsbury, published 2019, page 101:
- Another of his flock was spotted garrotted, one found twisted and drowned at the bottom of a foss and a third split cleanly from scut to teeth.
Faroese
editPronunciation
editNoun
editfoss
Hungarian
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editVerb
editfoss
Icelandic
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Norse fors.
Cognates: Faroese fossur, Norwegian fors, Danish fors, Swedish fors, English force (in the sense of a waterfall), Middle Low German vorsch and Norn fors.
The only descendent of the word is English foss.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editfoss m (genitive singular foss, nominative plural fossar)
- a waterfall (permanent flow of water over the edge of a cliff)
Declension
editNorwegian Bokmål
editEtymology
editFrom Danish fos, revived through Norwegian foss, from Old Norse foss, fors, from Proto-Germanic *fursaz.
Noun
editfoss m (definite singular fossen, indefinite plural fosser, definite plural fossene)
Synonyms
editDerived terms
edit- fosse (verb)
References
edit- “foss” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Old Norse fors, foss, from Proto-Germanic *fursaz.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editfoss m (definite singular fossen, indefinite plural fossar, definite plural fossane)
Derived terms
edit- fossa (verb)
References
editOld Irish
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Celtic *uɸostos, from Proto-Indo-European *upo-sth₂-ós, from *upó (“under”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”) + *-ós (“agent suffix”).[1][2] Cognate to Welsh gwas (“servant”).
Noun
editfoss m (genitive foiss)
Inflection
editMasculine o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | foss | fossL | foissL |
Vocative | foiss | fossL | fossuH |
Accusative | fossN | fossL | fossuH |
Genitive | foissL | foss | fossN |
Dative | fossL | fossaib | fossaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Etymology 2
editFrom Proto-Celtic *wostos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to stay”). Cognate to Middle Welsh gwas (“abode”).[3]
Noun
editfoss m (genitive foiss)
- rest, halt, the state of not being in motion
- perseverance
Inflection
editMasculine o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | foss | fossL | foissL |
Vocative | foiss | fossL | fossuH |
Accusative | fossN | fossL | fossuH |
Genitive | foissL | foss | fossN |
Dative | fossL | fossaib | fossaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Descendants
edit- Irish: fos
Mutation
editradical | lenition | nasalization |
---|---|---|
foss | ḟoss | foss pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/ |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
edit- ^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “uassos”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 307
- ^ Uhlich, Jurgen (2002) “Verbal governing compounds (synthetics) in Early Irish and other Celtic languages”, in Transactions of the Philological Society, volume 100, number 3, Wiley, , →ISSN, pages 403–433
- ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 121
Further reading
edit- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 foss, fos 'man-servant'”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 foss 'rest'”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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