fuga

See also: Fuga, fugá, fugă, fúga, and fugã

English

Etymology

From Italian fuga. Doublet of fugue.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfjuːɡə/

Noun

fuga (plural fugas)

1. (music, dated) A fugue.

References

• “fuga”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin fuga, probably a borrowing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfuɡa/, [ˈfu.ɣ̞a]

Noun

fuga f (plural fugues)

1. flight (act of fleeing)

   Synonym: fuxida

2. (music) fugue

Related terms

• fuxir

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin fuga.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈfu.ɣə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈfu.ɣa]

Noun

fuga f (plural fugues)

1. flight, escape

   Synonym: fugida

2. (music) fugue

Related terms

• fugir

Further reading

• “fuga” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “fuga”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “fuga” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “fuga” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Czech

Etymology

From German Fuge.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈfuɡa]
• Hyphenation: fu‧ga

Noun

fuga f

1. fugue

Declension

Declension of fuga (hard feminine)

	singular	plural
nominative	fuga	fugy
genitive	fugy	fug
dative	fuze	fugám
accusative	fugu	fugy
vocative	fugo	fugy
locative	fuze	fugách
instrumental	fugou	fugami

Further reading

• “fuga”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “fuga”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “fuga”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)

Danish

Etymology

From French fugue or Italian fuga, both from Latin fuga (“flight”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfuˀɡa/

Noun

fuga c (singular definite fugaen, plural indefinite fugaer)

1. fugue

Declension

Declension of fuga

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	fuga	fugaen	fugaer	fugaerne
genitive	fugas	fugaens	fugaers	fugaernes

Further reading

• “fuga” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “fuga” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Dutch

Etymology

From French fugue or Italian fuga, both from Latin fuga (“flight”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfyɣa/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

fuga m or f (plural fuga's, diminutive fugaatje n)

1. fugue

References

• “fuga” in Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling, Nederlandse Taalunie. [the official spelling word list for the Dutch language]

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈfuɡa]
• Rhymes: -uɡa
• Hyphenation: fu‧ga

Adjective

fuga (accusative singular fugan, plural fugaj, accusative plural fugajn)

1. fugal

Hungarian

Etymology

Borrowed from German Fuge.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈfuɡɒ]
• Hyphenation: fu‧ga
• Rhymes: -ɡɒ

Noun

fuga (plural fugák)

1. joint (the vertical and horizontal gap between elements in brick/stone walls)

   Synonyms: rés, hézag

2. grout, caulk, pointing (filling material)

   Synonyms: tömítés, tömítőanyag

   Coordinate terms: szilikon, habarcs, malter

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	fuga	fugák
accusative	fugát	fugákat
dative	fugának	fugáknak
instrumental	fugával	fugákkal
causal-final	fugáért	fugákért
translative	fugává	fugákká
terminative	fugáig	fugákig
essive-formal	fugaként	fugákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	fugában	fugákban
superessive	fugán	fugákon
adessive	fugánál	fugáknál
illative	fugába	fugákba
sublative	fugára	fugákra
allative	fugához	fugákhoz
elative	fugából	fugákból
delative	fugáról	fugákról
ablative	fugától	fugáktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	fugáé	fugáké
non-attributive possessive - plural	fugáéi	fugákéi

Possessive forms of fuga
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	fugám	fugáim
2nd person sing.	fugád	fugáid
3rd person sing.	fugája	fugái
1st person plural	fugánk	fugáink
2nd person plural	fugátok	fugáitok
3rd person plural	fugájuk	fugáik

Derived terms

• fugáz

See also

• fúga

Further reading

• fuga in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfu.ɡa/
• Rhymes: -uɡa
• Hyphenation: fù‧ga

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin fuga. Compare the inherited doublet foga.

Noun

fuga f (plural fughe, diminutive fughétta, augmentative fugóna or fugóne)

1. flight, escape
2. leak, leakage
3. (music) fugue
4. (cycle racing) breakaway, break

Related terms

• fugace
• fugare
• fugato
• fuggire
• fuggitivo

Descendants

• → Arabic: فوغا (fūḡā)
• → Armenian: ֆուգա (fuga)
• → Azerbaijani: fuqa
• → Bulgarian: фуга (fuga)
• → Catalan: fuga
• → Chinese: 賦格 / 赋格 (fùgé)
• → Danish: fuga
• → Dutch: fuga
• → English: fuga
• → Estonian: fuuga
• → Finnish: fuuga
• → Friulian: fughe
• → Georgian: ფუგა (puga)
• → German: Fuge
  • → Czech: fuga
  • → Russian: фуга (fuga)
    • → Kazakh: фуга (fuga)
• → Greek: φούγκα (foúgka)
• → Hungarian: fúga
• → Icelandic: fúga
• → Japanese: フーガ
• → Korean: 푸가 (puga)
• → Lithuanian: fuga
• → Macedonian: фуга (fuga)
• → Portuguese: fuga
• → Romanian: fugă
• → Slovak: fuga
• → Slovene: fuga
• → Spanish: fuga
• → Swedish: fuga
• → Turkish: füg

Etymology 2

Verb

fuga

1. inflection of fugare:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• fuga in Collins Italian-English Dictionary
• fuga in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Anagrams

• gufa

Latin

Alternative forms

• fugēla, fugella (pre-Classical, post-classical)

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *fugā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰugéh₂. Cognate to Ancient Greek φυγή (phugḗ).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈfu.ɡa/, [ˈfʊɡä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈfu.ɡa/, [ˈfuːɡä]

Noun

fuga f (genitive fugae); first declension

1. flight, fleeing, escape
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.137:

     “Mātūrāte fugam, rēgīque haec dīcite vestrō: [...].”

     “Hasten [your] escape, and go tell your king these [words]: [...].”
     (Neptune dismisses the winds with a message for King Aeolus.)

2. avoidance
3. exile

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	fuga	fugae
genitive	fugae	fugārum
dative	fugae	fugīs
accusative	fugam	fugās
ablative	fugā	fugīs
vocative	fuga	fugae

Derived terms

• fugio, fugo
• refugium

Descendants

• Eastern Romance
  • Aromanian: fugã
  • Romanian: fugă
• Friulian: foghe, fughe
• Italian: foga
  • → French: fougue
• Piedmontese: fuga

Borrowings

• → Catalan: fuga
• → French: fugue
  • → English: fugue
  • → Persian: فوگ (fug)
  • → Turkish: füg
• → Italian: fuga (see there for further descendants)
• → Occitan: fòga
• → Portuguese: fuga
• → Spanish: fuga
• → Welsh: ffo

References

• “fuga”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “fuga”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• fuga in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• fuga in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • prodigal expenditure: sumptus effusi (vid. sect. IX. 2, note Cf. effusa fuga...) or profusi
    
  • to put the enemy to flight: in fugam dare, conicere hostem
    
  • (1) to put to flight, (2) to take to flight: fugam facere (Sall. Iug. 53)
    
  • to take to flight: fugae se mandare (B. G. 2. 24)
    
  • to take to flight: fugam capessere, capere
    
  • to take to flight: se dare in fugam, fugae
    
  • to take to flight: se conicere, se conferre in fugam
    
  • to seek safety in flight: fuga salutem petere
    
  • headlong flight: fuga effusa, praeceps (Liv. 30. 5)
    
  • to flee headlong: praecipitem se fugae mandare
    
  • soldiers routed and dispersed: ex (in) fuga dissipati or dispersi (B. G. 2. 24)
    
  • to bring the flying enemy to a stand: fugam hostium reprimere (B. G. 3. 14)
    
  • to save oneself by flight: se fuga recipere (B. G. 1. 11)
    
• fuga in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• fuge

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²fʉːɡɑ/

Verb

fuga (present tense fugar, past tense fuga, past participle fuga, passive infinitive fugast, present participle fugande, imperative fuga/fug)

1. to join bricks, stones or tiles

Further reading

• “fuga” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfu.ɡa/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uɡa
• Syllabification: fu‧ga

Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Fuge.

Noun

fuga f

1. joint, interstice (gap, e.g. between bricks)
2. grout

   Niebieska fuga nie pasuje do brązowych kafli. ― Blue grout doesn't match brown tiles.

Declension

Declension of fuga

	singular	plural
nominative	fuga	fugi
genitive	fugi	fug
dative	fudze	fugom
accusative	fugę	fugi
instrumental	fugą	fugami
locative	fudze	fugach
vocative	fugo	fugi

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Latin fuga.

Noun

fuga f

1. (music) fugue

Declension

Declension of fuga

	singular	plural
nominative	fuga	fugi
genitive	fugi	fug
dative	fudze	fugom
accusative	fugę	fugi
instrumental	fugą	fugami
locative	fudze	fugach
vocative	fugo	fugi

Further reading

• fuga in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• fuga in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈfu.ɡɐ/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈfu.ɡɐ/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈfu.ɡa/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈfu.ɡɐ/ [ˈfu.ɣɐ]

Etymology 1

From Latin fuga, probably a borrowing.

Noun

fuga f (plural fugas)

1. escape, flight (act of fleeing)

   Synonyms: fugida, evasão

   Sua fuga da prisão foi bem planejada.

   His escape from prison was well planned.

2. leak (of water, gas, information etc.)

   Synonym: vazamento

3. evasion (of responsibility, tax etc.)

   Synonyms: evasiva, evasão

Derived terms

• fuga de capitais
• fuga de cérebros
• fuga de informação
• ponto de fuga

Related terms

• fugir

Etymology 2

From Italian fuga.

Noun

fuga f (plural fugas)

1. (music) fugue (piece of music wherein a particular melody is played in a number of voices)

Romanian

Etymology

From Latin fugāre.

Verb

a fuga (third-person singular present fugă, past participle fugat) 1st conjugation

1. (dated, regional, Transylvania) to banish, expel, drive away, chase off

Conjugation

    conjugation of fuga (first conjugation, no infix)

infinitive			a fuga
gerund			fugând
past participle			fugat
number		singular			plural
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	fug	fugi	fugă	fugăm	fugați	fugă
	imperfect	fugam	fugai	fuga	fugam	fugați	fugau
	simple perfect	fugai	fugași	fugă	fugarăm	fugarăți	fugară
	pluperfect	fugasem	fugaseși	fugase	fugaserăm	fugaserăți	fugaseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	să fug	să fugi	să fuge	să fugăm	să fugați	să fuge
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		fugă			fugați
	negative		nu fuga			nu fugați

Synonyms

• alunga, fugări, goni, izgoni

Related terms

• fugă
• fugaci
• fugi

Samoan

Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *puŋa (“flower; bossom”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa (“flower, blossom”), from Proto-Austronesian *buŋa (“flower, blossom”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fu.ŋa/

Noun

fuga

1. flower

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Italian fuga (“musical form, fleeing”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fǔːɡa/
• Hyphenation: fu‧ga

Noun

fúga f (Cyrillic spelling фу́га)

1. (music) fugue
2. (psychiatry) fugue state

Declension

Declension of fuga

	singular	plural
nominative	fúga	fúge
genitive	fúgē	fúgā
dative	fúgi	fúgama
accusative	fúgu	fúge
vocative	fȗgo	fúge / fȗgearchaic
locative	fúgi	fúgama
instrumental	fúgōm	fúgama

Etymology 2

Borrowed from German Fuge (same meaning), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ḱ- (“to join, attach”).

Pronunciation 1

• IPA^(key): /fǔːɡa/
• Hyphenation: fu‧ga

Noun

fúga f (Cyrillic spelling фу́га)

1. (construction, singular only) the filling between bricks/tiles

Declension

Declension of fuga

	singular	plural
nominative	fúga	—
genitive	fúgē	—
dative	fúgi	—
accusative	fúgu	—
vocative	fȗgo	—
locative	fúgi	—
instrumental	fúgōm	—

Pronunciation 2

• IPA^(key): /fûɡa/
• Hyphenation: fu‧ga

Etymology 3

Variant of vȕga, from Proto-Slavic *jьvьlga.

Noun

fȕga f (Cyrillic spelling фу̏га)

1. (Montenegro) oriole

   Synonym: vuga

   • 2022, Миоград В. Јовановић, editor, Рјечник говора Паштровића‎^[3], →ISBN, page 366:

     Фу̏га пра̏вӣ гни̏јездо висо̏ко у кро̏шњу др̏вета

     Fȕga prȁvī gnȉjezdo visȍko u krȍšnju dȑveta

     The oriole builds its nest high up in the tree crown

Declension

Declension of fuga

	singular	plural
nominative	fȕga	fȕge
genitive	fȕgē	fȗgā
dative	fȕgi	fȕgama
accusative	fȕgu	fȕge
vocative	fȕgo	fȕge
locative	fȕgi	fȕgama
instrumental	fȕgōm	fȕgama

References

• Franjo Iveković, Ivan Broz (1901) Rječnik hrvatskoga jezika. Svezak I. A–O‎^[4], Zagreb: Štamparija Karla Albrechta (Jos. Wittasek), page 295
• “fuga”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024 (musical form, psychological state)
• “fuga”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024 (construction)

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfuɡa/ [ˈfu.ɣ̞a]
• Rhymes: -uɡa
• Syllabification: fu‧ga

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin fuga.

Noun

fuga f (plural fugas)

1. escape, flight

   Synonym: huida

2. leak

   Synonym: escape

Derived terms

• fuga de cerebros
• punto de fuga

 

Related terms

• fugar
• fugitivo
• huir
• refugio

 

Descendants

• → Tagalog: puga (“escape from prison”)

Etymology 2

Verb

fuga

1. inflection of fugar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “fuga”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

Sranan Tongo

Verb

fuga

1. to be annoyed, to be fed up

Adjective

fuga

1. disgusting

Swahili

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-túga.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-fuga (infinitive kufuga)

1. to keep (livestock)

Conjugation

Conjugation of -fuga
Positive present -nafuga Subjunctive -fuge Negative -fugi Imperative singular fuga
Infinitives
Positive kufuga Negative kutofuga
Imperatives
Singular fuga Plural fugeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hufuga Positive past positive subject concord + -lifuga Negative past negative subject concord + -kufuga
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nafuga) Singular Plural 1st person ninafuga/nafuga tunafuga 2nd person unafuga mnafuga 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anafuga wanafuga other classes positive subject concord + -nafuga
Negative present (negative subject concord + -fugi) Singular Plural 1st person sifugi hatufugi 2nd person hufugi hamfugi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hafugi hawafugi other classes negative subject concord + -fugi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tafuga Negative future negative subject concord + -tafuga
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -fuge) Singular Plural 1st person nifuge tufuge 2nd person ufuge mfuge 3rd person m-wa(I/II) afuge wafuge other classes positive subject concord + -fuge
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sifuge Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngefuga Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singefuga Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalifuga Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalifuga
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -afuga) Singular Plural 1st person nafuga twafuga 2nd person wafuga mwafuga 3rd person m-wa(I/II) afuga wafuga m-mi(III/IV) wafuga yafuga ji-ma(V/VI) lafuga yafuga ki-vi(VII/VIII) chafuga vyafuga n(IX/X) yafuga zafuga u(XI) wafuga see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwafuga pa(XVI) pafuga mu(XVIII) mwafuga
Perfect positive subject concord + -mefuga "Already" positive subject concord + -meshafuga "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jafuga "If/When" positive subject concord + -kifuga "If not" positive subject concord + -sipofuga Consecutive kafuga / positive subject concord + -kafuga Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kafuge
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nifuga -tufuga 2nd person -kufuga -wafuga/-kufugeni/-wafugeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mfuga -wafuga m-mi(III/IV) -ufuga -ifuga ji-ma(V/VI) -lifuga -yafuga ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kifuga -vifuga n(IX/X) -ifuga -zifuga u(XI) -ufuga see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kufuga pa(XVI) -pafuga mu(XVIII) -mufuga Reflexive -jifuga
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -fuga- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -fugaye -fugao m-mi(III/IV) -fugao -fugayo ji-ma(V/VI) -fugalo -fugayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -fugacho -fugavyo n(IX/X) -fugayo -fugazo u(XI) -fugao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -fugako pa(XVI) -fugapo mu(XVIII) -fugamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -fuga) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yefuga -ofuga m-mi(III/IV) -ofuga -yofuga ji-ma(V/VI) -lofuga -yofuga ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chofuga -vyofuga n(IX/X) -yofuga -zofuga u(XI) -ofuga see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kofuga pa(XVI) -pofuga mu(XVIII) -mofuga
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Nominal derivations:
  • mfugo (“livestock”)

Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian fuga, from Latin fuga (“flight; escape”).

Noun

fuga c

1. (music) fugue

Declension

Declension of fuga

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	fuga	fugas
	definite	fugan	fugans
plural	indefinite	fugor	fugors
	definite	fugorna	fugornas

Related terms

• fugaform
• fugasats
• fugato
• fugerad
• fugering

References

• fuga in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• fuga in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• fuga in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)