galar

Galician

Etymology 1

From galo (“rooster”) +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaˈlaɾ/, (western) /ħaˈlaɾ/

Verb

galar (first-person singular present galo, first-person singular preterite galei, past participle galado)

1. (transitive) to fertilize (the rooster a hen)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of galar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	galar
Personal	galar	galares	galar	galarmos	galardes	galaren
Gerund
	galando
Past participle
Masculine	galado			galados
Feminine	galada			galadas
Indicative
Present	galo	galas	gala	galamos	galades	galan
Imperfect	galaba	galabas	galaba	galabamos	galabades	galaban
Preterite	galei	galaches	galou	galamos	galastes	galaron
Pluperfect	galara	galaras	galara	galaramos	galarades	galaran
Future	galarei	galarás	galará	galaremos	galaredes	galarán
Conditional	galaría	galarías	galaría	galariamos	galariades	galarían
Subjunctive
Present	gale	gales	gale	galemos	galedes	galen
Imperfect	galase	galases	galase	galásemos	galásedes	galasen
Future	galar	galares	galar	galarmos	galardes	galaren
Imperative
Affirmative		gala	gale	galemos	galade	galen
Negative (non)		non gales	non gale	non galemos	non galedes	non galen

    Reintegrated conjugation of galar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	galar
Personal	galar	galares	galar	galarmos	galardes	galarem
Gerund
	galando
Past participle
Masculine	galado			galados
Feminine	galada			galadas
Indicative
Present	galo	galas	gala	galamos	galades, galais	galam
Imperfect	galava	galavas	galava	galávamos	galávades, galáveis, galávais1	galavam
Preterite	galei	galaste, galache1	galou	galamos	galastes	galárom, galaram
Pluperfect	galara	galaras	galara	galáramos	galárades, galáreis, galárais1	galaram
Future	galarei	galarás	galará	galaremos	galaredes, galareis	galarám, galarão
Conditional	galaria	galarias	galaria	galaríamos	galaríades, galaríeis, galaríais1	galariam
Subjunctive
Present	gale	gales	gale	galemos	galedes, galeis	galem
Imperfect	galasse	galasses	galasse	galássemos	galássedes, galásseis	galassem
Future	galar	galares	galar	galarmos	galardes	galarem
Imperative
Affirmative		gala	gale	galemos	galade, galai	galem
Negative (nom)		nom gales	nom gale	nom galemos	nom galedes, nom galeis	nom galem

¹Less recommended.

Etymology 2

Perhaps from Suevic *galan (to sing, to charm spells), from Proto-Germanic *galaną (“to roop, sing, charm”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to shout, scream, charm away”)

Verb

galar (first-person singular present galo, first-person singular preterite galei, past participle galado)

1. (transitive) to bewitch

   Synonyms: enmeigar, enfeitizar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of galar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	galar
Personal	galar	galares	galar	galarmos	galardes	galaren
Gerund
	galando
Past participle
Masculine	galado			galados
Feminine	galada			galadas
Indicative
Present	galo	galas	gala	galamos	galades	galan
Imperfect	galaba	galabas	galaba	galabamos	galabades	galaban
Preterite	galei	galaches	galou	galamos	galastes	galaron
Pluperfect	galara	galaras	galara	galaramos	galarades	galaran
Future	galarei	galarás	galará	galaremos	galaredes	galarán
Conditional	galaría	galarías	galaría	galariamos	galariades	galarían
Subjunctive
Present	gale	gales	gale	galemos	galedes	galen
Imperfect	galase	galases	galase	galásemos	galásedes	galasen
Future	galar	galares	galar	galarmos	galardes	galaren
Imperative
Affirmative		gala	gale	galemos	galade	galen
Negative (non)		non gales	non gale	non galemos	non galedes	non galen

    Reintegrated conjugation of galar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	galar
Personal	galar	galares	galar	galarmos	galardes	galarem
Gerund
	galando
Past participle
Masculine	galado			galados
Feminine	galada			galadas
Indicative
Present	galo	galas	gala	galamos	galades, galais	galam
Imperfect	galava	galavas	galava	galávamos	galávades, galáveis, galávais1	galavam
Preterite	galei	galaste, galache1	galou	galamos	galastes	galárom, galaram
Pluperfect	galara	galaras	galara	galáramos	galárades, galáreis, galárais1	galaram
Future	galarei	galarás	galará	galaremos	galaredes, galareis	galarám, galarão
Conditional	galaria	galarias	galaria	galaríamos	galaríades, galaríeis, galaríais1	galariam
Subjunctive
Present	gale	gales	gale	galemos	galedes, galeis	galem
Imperfect	galasse	galasses	galasse	galássemos	galássedes, galásseis	galassem
Future	galar	galares	galar	galarmos	galardes	galarem
Imperative
Affirmative		gala	gale	galemos	galade, galai	galem
Negative (nom)		nom gales	nom gale	nom galemos	nom galedes, nom galeis	nom galem

¹Less recommended.

Related terms

• galra

References

• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “galar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “galar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “galar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “galar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Irish

Alternative forms

• galra

Etymology

From Old Irish galar, from Proto-Celtic *galarom, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelH-ro-. Cognate with Welsh galar (“grief”).

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɑl̪ˠəɾˠ/
• (Aran) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɑl̪ˠd̪ˠɾˠə/ (corresponding to the form galra)
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɔlˠəɾˠ/, /ˈɡɔl̪ˠəɾˠ/ (as if spelled golar)

Noun

galar m (genitive singular galair, nominative plural galair)

1. (pathology) sickness, illness, disease, infection

   Synonym: othras

   Dhá dtrian galair le hoíche. (proverb)

   The risk of illness is greatest at night; sickness is most intense at night.

2. affliction, misery

Declension

Declension of galar (first declension)

bare forms case singular plural nominative galar galair vocative a ghalair a ghalara genitive galair galar dative galar galair forms with the definite article case singular plural nominative an galar na galair genitive an ghalair na ngalar dative leis an ngalar don ghalar leis na galair

Derived terms

• galar béil (“thrush”)
• galar breac (“smallpox”)
• galar buí (“jaundice”)
• galar cam
• galar carrach (“scurvy”)
• galar casta (“staggers (in sheep)”)
• galar cleiteach (“moulting”)
• galar creathach (“ague”)
• galar crúibe is béil (“foot-and-mouth disease”)
• galar crupáin
• galar crupánach (“aphosphorosis”)
• galar dubhach
• galar dúchroíoch (“melancholy; melancholia”)
• galar easpa (“deficiency disease”)
• galar gabhálach
• galar garbh (“botts”)
• galar gasta (“flux”)
• galar gnéas-tarchurtha
• galar na gcás (“perplexity”)
• galar Póil (“falling-sickness, epilepsy”)
• galar scrathach (“scab (in sheep)”)
• galar támhach (“catalepsy”)
• galar titimeach
• galar tógálach
• galar trua (“pine disease (in cattle, sheep)”)
• galar véinéireach
• galareagla (“hypochondria”)
• galareaglach
• galarghinteach (“morbific”)
• galrach
• galrachán
• galracht (“sickliness, morbidity”)
• galraigh
• galrú

 

Mutation

Mutated forms of galar

radical	lenition	eclipsis
galar	ghalar	ngalar

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “galar”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “galar”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “galar”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

Portuguese

Etymology

From galo +‎ -ar; compare Spanish gallar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɡaˈla(ʁ)/ [ɡaˈla(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɡaˈla(ʁ)/ [ɡaˈla(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ɡaˈla(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ɡaˈla(ʁ)/ [ɡaˈla(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɡaˈla(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɡɐˈlaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɡɐˈlaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɡɐˈla.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: ga‧lar

Verb

galar (first-person singular present galo, first-person singular preterite galei, past participle galado)

1. (transitive) to mate with (a female bird) (of a male bird)
2. (transitive, Portugal, colloquial) to ogle
3. (transitive, Portugal, colloquial) to woo, to seduce
4. (transitive, Brazil, colloquial) to knock up, to get pregnant
5. (intransitive, Northeast Brazil, vulgar) to cum

Conjugation

    Conjugation of galar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	galar
Personal	galar	galares	galar	galarmos	galardes	galarem
Gerund
	galando
Past participle
Masculine	galado			galados
Feminine	galada			galadas
Indicative
Present	galo	galas	gala	galamos	galais	galam
Imperfect	galava	galavas	galava	galávamos	galáveis	galavam
Preterite	galei	galaste	galou	galamos1, galámos2	galastes	galaram
Pluperfect	galara	galaras	galara	galáramos	galáreis	galaram
Future	galarei	galarás	galará	galaremos	galareis	galarão
Conditional	galaria	galarias	galaria	galaríamos	galaríeis	galariam
Subjunctive
Present	gale	gales	gale	galemos	galeis	galem
Imperfect	galasse	galasses	galasse	galássemos	galásseis	galassem
Future	galar	galares	galar	galarmos	galardes	galarem
Imperative
Affirmative		gala	gale	galemos	galai	galem
Negative (não)		não gales	não gale	não galemos	não galeis	não galem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

References

• “galar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
• “galar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2024

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish galar, from Proto-Celtic *galarom, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelH-ro-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkal̪ˠəɾ/

Noun

galar m (genitive singular galair, plural galaran)

1. disease, sickness, ailment, disorder

   Synonyms: euslaint, tinneas, trioblaid

Derived terms

• galar-ceàirde (“occupational disease”)
• galar-fuail (“diabetes”)
• galar-pearraide (“parrot fever, psittacosis”)

Mutation

Mutation of galar

radical	lenition
galar	ghalar

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh galar, from Proto-Brythonic *galar, from Proto-Celtic *galarom, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelH-ro-. Cognate with Irish galar (“sickness”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡalar/, /ˈɡaːlar/
• Rhymes: -alar

Noun

galar m (plural galarau)

1. mourning, grief, sorrow, lament

   Synonyms: gofid, alaeth, tristwch

Derived terms

• galarnad (“lamentation”)
• galaru (“to mourn”)
• galarus (“mournful”)

 

Mutation

Mutated forms of galar

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
galar	alar	ngalar	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “galar”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies