hljóta
Icelandic
editEtymology
editFrom Old Norse hljóta, from Proto-Germanic *hleutaną.
Pronunciation
editVerb
edithljóta (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative hlaut, third-person plural past indicative hlutu, supine hlotið)
- to obtain, to get, to receive, to draw, to take [with accusative]
- Synonym: hlotnast
- Ég hlýt bílinn í aðalverðlaun.
- I get the car for first prize.
- Hún hlaut styrk til háskólanáms.
- She received a scholarship to a university.
- (auxiliary) must, to have to, to be bound to [with accusative]
- Synonym: verða
- Hann hlýtur að vera kominn — hann er aldrei seinn.
- He must be here already—he's never late.
Conjugation
edithljóta — active voice (germynd)
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að hljóta | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
hlotið | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
hljótandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég hlýt | við hljótum | present (nútíð) |
ég hljóti | við hljótum |
þú hlýtur | þið hljótið | þú hljótir | þið hljótið | ||
hann, hún, það hlýtur | þeir, þær, þau hljóta | hann, hún, það hljóti | þeir, þær, þau hljóti | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég hlaut | við hlutum | past (þátíð) |
ég hlyti | við hlytum |
þú hlaust | þið hlutuð | þú hlytir | þið hlytuð | ||
hann, hún, það hlaut | þeir, þær, þau hlutu | hann, hún, það hlyti | þeir, þær, þau hlytu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
hljót (þú) | hljótið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
hljóttu | hljótiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að hljótast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
hlotist | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
hljótandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég hlýst | við hljótumst | present (nútíð) |
ég hljótist | við hljótumst |
þú hlýst | þið hljótist | þú hljótist | þið hljótist | ||
hann, hún, það hlýst | þeir, þær, þau hljótast | hann, hún, það hljótist | þeir, þær, þau hljótist | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég hlaust | við hlutumst | past (þátíð) |
ég hlytist | við hlytumst |
þú hlaust | þið hlutust | þú hlytist | þið hlytust | ||
hann, hún, það hlaust | þeir, þær, þau hlutust | hann, hún, það hlytist | þeir, þær, þau hlytust | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
hljóst (þú) | hljótist (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
hljóstu | hljótisti * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
hlotinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
hlotinn | hlotin | hlotið | hlotnir | hlotnar | hlotin | |
accusative (þolfall) |
hlotinn | hlotna | hlotið | hlotna | hlotnar | hlotin | |
dative (þágufall) |
hlotnum | hlotinni | hlotnu | hlotnum | hlotnum | hlotnum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
hlotins | hlotinnar | hlotins | hlotinna | hlotinna | hlotinna | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
hlotni | hlotna | hlotna | hlotnu | hlotnu | hlotnu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
hlotna | hlotnu | hlotna | hlotnu | hlotnu | hlotnu | |
dative (þágufall) |
hlotna | hlotnu | hlotna | hlotnu | hlotnu | hlotnu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
hlotna | hlotnu | hlotna | hlotnu | hlotnu | hlotnu |
Derived terms
edit- hljóta slæma útreið (“to get a bashing, to get clobbered”)
- hljótast (reflexive)
- hljótast af einhverju (“to be caused by something”)
Related terms
editSee also
editOld Norse
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Germanic *hleutaną, whence also Old English hlēotan, Old Saxon hliotan, Old High German hliozan.
Verb
edithljóta
Conjugation
editConjugation of hljóta — active (strong class 2)
infinitive | hljóta | |
---|---|---|
present participle | hljótandi | |
past participle | hlotinn | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | hlýt | hlaut |
2nd-person singular | hlýtr | hlauzt |
3rd-person singular | hlýtr | hlaut |
1st-person plural | hljótum | hlutum |
2nd-person plural | hljótið | hlutuð |
3rd-person plural | hljóta | hlutu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | hljóta | hlyta |
2nd-person singular | hljótir | hlytir |
3rd-person singular | hljóti | hlyti |
1st-person plural | hljótim | hlytim |
2nd-person plural | hljótið | hlytið |
3rd-person plural | hljóti | hlyti |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | hljót | |
1st-person plural | hljótum | |
2nd-person plural | hljótið |
Conjugation of hljóta — mediopassive (strong class 2)
infinitive | hljótask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | hljótandisk | |
past participle | hlotizk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | hljótumk | hlutumk |
2nd-person singular | hlýzk | hlauzk |
3rd-person singular | hlýzk | hlauzk |
1st-person plural | hljótumsk | hlutumsk |
2nd-person plural | hljótizk | hlutuzk |
3rd-person plural | hljótask | hlutusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | hljótumk | hlytumk |
2nd-person singular | hljótisk | hlytisk |
3rd-person singular | hljótisk | hlytisk |
1st-person plural | hljótimsk | hlytimsk |
2nd-person plural | hljótizk | hlytizk |
3rd-person plural | hljótisk | hlytisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | hlýzk | |
1st-person plural | hljótumsk | |
2nd-person plural | hljótizk |
Related terms
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- hljóta in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.
Categories:
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic 2-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ouːta
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ouːta/2 syllables
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic verbs
- Icelandic strong verbs
- Icelandic terms with usage examples
- Icelandic auxiliary verbs
- Icelandic class 2 strong verbs
- Most used Icelandic verbs
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse verbs
- Old Norse class 2 strong verbs