instrumentāl

See also: instrumental, Instrumental, and inštrumentál

Livonian

Noun

instrumentāl

(grammar) instrumental case

Usage notes

Instrumental case is a term used by some authors (including Viitso). Its suffix (-ks) is cognate with Estonian (-ks) and Finnish (-ksi) translative case endings (which is one of its functions in Livonian) with which a comitative function (Estonian affix -ga) has been syncretized. To avoid calling it "translative/comitative" it is called "instrumental" for short.

Declension

Declension of instrumentāl (141)

	singular (ikšlug)	plural (pǟgiņlug)
nominative (nominatīv)	instrumentāl	–
genitive (genitīv)	instrumentāl	–
partitive (partitīv)	instrumentālõ	–
dative (datīv)	instrumentālõn	–
instrumental (instrumentāl)	instrumentālõks	–
illative (illatīv)	instrumentālõ	–
inessive (inesīv)	instrumentāls instrumentālõs	–
elative (elatīv)	instrumentālst instrumentālõst	–