Wiktionary

iris

See also: Iris, IRIs, íris, Íris, and iris-

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
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Etymology

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From Middle English [Term?], from Latin īris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”). Presuming an earlier form *ϝῖρις (*wîris), possibly from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *w(e)ih₁-ro- (“a twist, thread, cord, wire”), from *weh₁y- (“to turn, twist, weave, plait”). If so, it would be cognate to English wire.

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Online Etymology Dictionary: The eye region was so called (early 15c. in English) for being the part that gives color to the eye; the Greek word was used of any brightly colored circle, "as that round the eyes of a peacock's tail" [Liddell & Scott]”

Pronunciation

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Noun

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A plant of the genus Iris.
 
Illustration showing parts of the human eye, including the iris.
 
Frontal view of the iris of a human eye.

iris (plural irises or iris or irides) (See Usage notes)

  2. (botany) A plant of the genus Iris, common in the northern hemisphere, and generally having attractive blooms (See   Iris (plant) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia ).
    • 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, “Afterglow”, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC, page 168:
      Breezes blowing from beds of iris quickened her breath with their perfume; she saw the tufted lilacs sway in the wind, and the streamers of mauve-tinted wistaria swinging, all a-glisten with golden bees; she saw a crimson cardinal winging through the foliage, and amorous tanagers flashing like scarlet flames athwart the pines.
  4. (anatomy) The contractile membrane perforated by the pupil, which adjusts to control the amount of light reaching the retina, and which forms the colored portion of the eye (See   Iris (anatomy) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia ).
  5. (photography, cinematography) A diaphragm used to regulate the size of a hole, especially as a way of controlling the amount of light reaching a lens.
  6. (poetic) A rainbow, or other colourful refraction of light.
  7. (electronics) A constricted opening in the path inside a waveguide, used to form a resonator.
  8. (zoology) The inner circle of an oscillated color spot.

Usage notes

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  • For the part of the eye, the most common plural is irises, though irides is usual in medical contexts.
  • For the flower both iris and irises are in common use.

Quotations

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For quotations using this term, see Citations:iris.

Derived terms

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Translations

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Further reading

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Verb

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iris (third-person singular simple present irises, present participle irising, simple past and past participle irised)

  1. (of an aperture, lens, or door) To open or close in the manner of an iris.
  2. (literary) To cause (something) to shine with the colours of the rainbow; to make iridescent.
    Synonym: iridize
    • 1834, Jacob Abbott, chapter 1, in The Corner-Stone‎[1], Boston: William Peirce, page 31:
      Pure, transparent, glistening in the sun, and irised by a thousand hues, which float and wave and spread in graceful and ceaseless motion on its surface!
    • 1987, Charles Tomlinson, “Winter Journey”, in The Return‎[2], Oxford University Press, page 35:
      The sun as it comes indoors out of space
      Has left a rainbow irising each glass—
      A refraction, caught then multiplied
      From the crystal tied within our window,

Derived terms

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Anagrams

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Bikol Central

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ʔiˈɾis/ [ʔiˈɾis]
  • Hyphenation: i‧ris

Noun

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irís (Basahan spelling ᜁᜍᜒᜐ᜔)

  1. (anatomy) side of the body
    Synonyms: tagiliran, hirog

Catalan

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin īris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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iris m (invariable)

  1. iris (part of the eye)

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Dutch

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin īris or Middle French iris (itself from Latin), from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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iris f (plural irissen, diminutive irisje n)

  1. (anatomy) iris (coloured part of the eye)
    Synonym: regenboogvlies
  2. Synonym of lis (“plant of genus Iris”)

Esperanto

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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iris

  1. past of iri

French

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin iris, Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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iris m (plural iris)

  1. iris

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Ido

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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iris

  1. past of irar

Indonesian

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Noun

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iris (plural iris-iris)

  1. slice

Verb

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mengiris

  1. to slice

Irish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Irish iris f (“a thong or strap (from which a shield, bag, etc. is suspended)”).[2]

Noun

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iris f (genitive singular irise, nominative plural irisí or irseacha or irste)

  1. strap, sling (for carrying)
Declension
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Declension of iris (second declension)
bare forms
case singular plural
nominative iris irisí
vocative a iris a irisí
genitive irise irisí
dative iris irisí
forms with the definite article
case singular plural
nominative an iris na hirisí
genitive na hirise na n-irisí
dative leis an iris
don iris 		leis na hirisí

Etymology 2

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From Old Irish iress (“religion, creed, the (true) faith”).[3]

Noun

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iris f (genitive singular irise)

  1. (literary) belief, faith, religion
Declension
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Declension of iris (second declension, no plural)
bare forms
case singular
nominative iris
vocative a iris
genitive irise
dative iris
forms with the definite article
case singular
nominative an iris
genitive na hirise
dative leis an iris
don iris
Alternative forms
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Etymology 3

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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iris f (genitive singular irise, nominative plural irisí)

  1. Alternative form of oireas
  2. magazine, journal
    Synonym: irisleabhar
  3. gazette
Declension
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Declension of iris (second declension)
bare forms
case singular plural
nominative iris irisí
vocative a iris a irisí
genitive irise irisí
dative iris irisí
forms with the definite article
case singular plural
nominative an iris na hirisí
genitive na hirise na n-irisí
dative leis an iris
don iris 		leis na hirisí
Derived terms
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Etymology 4

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

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iris m

  1. inflection of ireas (“iris”):
    1. genitive/vocative singular
    2. nominative/dative plural

Mutation

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Mutated forms of iris
radical eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
iris n-iris hiris not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  1. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 43
  2. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “iris”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  3. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ires(s)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

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Italian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin iris, Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈi.ris/
  • Rhymes: -iris
  • Hyphenation: ì‧ris

Noun

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iris m or f (invariable)

  1. iris (flower)
    Synonyms: giaggiolo, iride

Anagrams

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Latin

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Etymology 1

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From Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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īris f (genitive īris or īridis); third declension

  1. rainbow
    • Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, Apocalypsis [Revelation] 10:1:
      et vīdī alium angelum fortem dēscendentem dē caelō amictum nūbe, et īris in capite eius, et faciēs eius erat ut sōl, et pedēs eius tamquam columna ignis
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension
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Third-declension noun (i-stem or imparisyllabic non-i-stem; two different stems).

singular plural
nominative īris īrēs
īridēs
genitive īris
īridis 		īrium
īridum
dative īrī
īridī 		īribus
īridibus
accusative īrem
īrim
īrin
īridem 		īrēs
īrīs
īridēs
ablative īre
īride 		īribus
īridibus
vocative īris īrēs
īridēs

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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īrīs

  1. dative/ablative plural of īra

Norwegian Bokmål

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Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no
 
Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

Etymology

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Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”).

Noun

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iris m (definite singular irisen, indefinite plural iriser, definite plural irisene)

  1. (botany) an iris (flower)
  2. (anatomy) an iris (part of the eye)
    Synonym: regnbuehinne

References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”).

Noun

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iris m (definite singular irisen, indefinite plural irisar, definite plural irisane)

  1. (botany) an iris (flower)
  2. (anatomy) an iris (part of the eye)
    Synonym: regnbogehinne

References

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Old Irish

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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iris

  1. Alternative spelling of iriss: accusative/dative singular of iress

Mutation

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Mutation of iris
radical lenition nasalization
iris
(pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments) 		unchanged n-iris

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Portuguese

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Noun

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iris f (invariable)

  1. Pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1911 in Portugal) of íris.

Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French iris, Latin iris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

Noun

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iris n (plural irisuri)

  1. (anatomy) iris (of the eye)

Declension

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singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative iris irisul irisuri irisurile
genitive-dative iris irisului irisuri irisurilor
vocative irisule irisurilor

Noun

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iris n (plural iriși)

  1. (botany) iris (flower)
    Synonyms: stânjenel, stânjen

Declension

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singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative iris irisul iriși irișile
genitive-dative iris irisului iriși irișilor
vocative irisule irișilor

Scottish Gaelic

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare Irish iris.

Noun

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iris f (genitive singular irise, plural irisean)

  1. magazine, periodical
    Synonym: ràitheachan

Mutation

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Mutation of iris
radical eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
iris n-iris h-iris t-iris

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Spanish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin iris, Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈiɾis/ [ˈi.ɾis]
  • Rhymes: -iɾis
  • Syllabification: i‧ris

Noun

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iris m (plural iris or írises)

  1. (anatomy) iris

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=iris&oldid=82585579"
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