Wiktionary

jau

See also: Jaú

Bourguignon

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Etymology

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From Late Latin gallus.

Noun

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jau m (plural jaus, feminine geleigne)

  1. rooster
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Catalan

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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jau

  1. inflection of jaure:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative
  2. inflection of jeure:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Cubeo

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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jau

  1. bark, beat
    Yavimi jarayʉ jau aiyame.
    A brave dog barks.

See also

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References

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  • N. L. Morse; J. K. Salser; N. de Salser (1999), "jau", in Diccionario ilustrado bilingüe: cubeo-español, espanõl-cubeo, →ISBN
  • N. L. Morse; M. B. Maxwell (1999), Cubeo Grammar: Studies in the languages of Colombia 5, Summer Institute of Linguistics, →ISBN

Gothic

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Romanization

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jau

  1. Romanization of 𐌾𐌰𐌿

Latvian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Baltic *jau, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁yów, from the stem *éy (“that; he”) (whence also Latvian it, q.v.). Cognates include Lithuanian jaũ (“already”), Old Prussian iau (“ever”), Old Church Slavonic уже (uže), юже (juže), Russian уже́ (užé, “already”), Gothic 𐌾𐌿 (ju, “already”), Old High German ju (“already”).[1]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [jàw]
  • Audio:(file)

Adverb

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jau

  1. used to indicate that an action or event has started, happened before the time of speaking; already
    saule jau aust ― the sun is already up
    viņš jau atnāca ― he has already arrived
    es šo grāmatu jau esmu lasījis ― I have already read this book
    viņi jau bija izbraukuši no pilsētas, kad tēvocis atkal ierunājās ― they had already left the city when (their) uncle spoke again
  2. used to indicate that an action or event is happening before its due time, earlier than expected or planned; already
    plāns jānodod jau šodien ― the plan must be carried out already today
    jau rīt viņš aizceļos ― he will set off tomorrow already
    jau pēc stundas ― already in an hour (earlier than expected)

Particle

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jau

  1. used to reinforce the meaning of a word, phrase or sentence; really, indeed
    žēl jau bija, ka tā iznāca ― it is really a pity that it came out like that
    tas jau tāpat saprotams ― that is really self-evident
    tā jau ir ― it is indeed so
    tā jau viņš neteica ― that he didn't say
    labi jau tas nebija ― good that was not
    tā jau nu ir ― that is true... (said when reluctantly agreeing)
  2. (usually with kā) used to reinforce what is affirmed in a sentence, to give it more credibility, more generality
    viņš bija naivs, kā jau bērns ― he was naive, like a child
    bija jautri, kā jau viesībās ― it was fun, like in a party
    gandrīz katru dienu līst, kā jau rudenī ― almost every day it rains, as if it were autumn

References

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  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “jau”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Lithuanian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Balto-Slavic *jau.[1][2] Cognate with Latvian jau and Polish już; outside of Balto-Slavic, compare Gothic 𐌾𐌿 (ju, “already”), Latin iam (“id”).

Adverb

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jaũ [3]

  1. already
    Jau grįžo.[3] - They have already returned.

Antonyms

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References

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  1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 207
  2. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 207.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 “jau” in Balčikonis, Juozas et al. (1954), Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Vilnius: Valstybinė politinės ir mokslinės literatūros leidykla.

North Frisian

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Alternative forms

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Determiner

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jau (invariable)

  1. (Föhr-Amrum) your, all of your (second-person plural possessive determiner)

Pronoun

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jau (plural jauen)

  1. (Föhr-Amrum) yours, all of yours (second-person plural possessive pronoun)

See also

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Personal and possessive pronouns (Föhr-Amrum dialect)
personal possessive
subject case object case masculine referent feminine / neuter referent plural referent
full reduced full reduced attributive independent
singular 1st ik 'k mi man min minen
2nd dü – di dan din dinen
3rd m. hi 'r ham 'n san sin sinen
3rd f. / n. hat at, 't at, 't
plural 1st wi 'f üs üüs üüsen
üsens
2nd jam 'm jam jau jauen
jamens
3rd jo 's jo 's hör hören
hörens
notes The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts. At is not enclitic; it can stand in any unstressed position and refers mostly to things. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur.
Dual forms wat / onk and jat / jonk are obsolete, as is feminine jü / hör.
Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents. The forms üsens, jamens, hörens are used optionally (and decreasingly) when the possessor is a larger community, such as a village, city or nation.

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old Norse jaur. Similar to Swedish jo (dialectal Swedish jau)

Adverb

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jau

  1. yes, in disagreement with the last speaker's negative statement; on the contrary
    Kjem du ikkje? – Jau, eg kjem.
    Aren’t you coming? Yes, I am.
  2. (colloquial) yes or no; expressing doubt

Usage notes

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Ja can be interpreted as an agreement with the person replied to. Jau is used instead of ja if this agreement could cause ambiguity. In the example, agreement with the person asking the question would be the opposite of a confirmation that one actually is coming. As such ja would be ambiguous. The answer jau removes the possibility of agreement with the speaker.

References

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Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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jau m or f by sense (plural jaus)

  1. Javanese (person from Java)
    Synonym: javanês

Further reading

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Romansch

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

Pronoun

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jau (Rumantsch Grischun)

  1. I

Scanian

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Pronoun

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jau

  1. I
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