kapal
English
editNoun
editkapal (plural kapals)
- Alternative form of kappal (“ship”)
Ambonese Malay
editEtymology
editFrom Malay kapal, from Tamil கப்பல் (kappal, “ship, sailing vessel”).
Noun
editkapal
- ship (large water vessel)
Balinese
editRomanization
editkapal
- Romanization of ᬓᬧᬮ᭄
Cebuano
editPronunciation
edit- Hyphenation: ka‧pal
Noun
editkapal
Czech
editPronunciation
editParticiple
editkapal
Indonesian
editPronunciation
edit- (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈkapal/ [ˈka.pal]
- Rhymes: -apal
- Syllabification: ka‧pal
Etymology 1
editFrom Malay kapal (“ship”), from Classical Malay kapal (“decked ship”), from Tamil கப்பல் (kappal, “ship, sailing vessel”). In the third sense, a mistranslation of English ship (“relationship”), from relation + -ship (etymologically unrelated to the noun ship).
Noun
editkapal (plural kapal-kapal)
- ship:
- (literal) A water-borne vessel generally larger than a boat.
- (chiefly in combination) A vessel which travels through any medium other than across land, such as an airship or spaceship.
- (slang, fandom slang) A fictional romantic relationship between two characters, either real or themselves fictional, especially one explored in fan fiction.
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editFrom Malay kapal (“thickening skin”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kapal (“thick, as a plank”). Compare to Tagalog kapal (“thick”).
Noun
editkapal (plural kapal-kapal)
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “kapal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
- kapal on the Indonesian Wikipedia.Wikipedia id
Javanese
editRomanization
editkapal
- Romanization of ꦏꦥꦭ꧀
Mag-Anchi Ayta
editEtymology
editAdjective
editkapal
References
edit- Greenhill, S.J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.
Maguindanao
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editkapal
Malay
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Tamil கப்பல் (kappal, “ship, sailing vessel”).
Noun
editkapal (Jawi spelling کاڤل, plural kapal-kapal, informal 1st possessive kapalku, 2nd possessive kapalmu, 3rd possessive kapalnya)
- A large water vessel; a ship.
- Kapal satu, nakhoda dua ― saying about two lovers fighting in rivalry over a girl (lit. 'a ship with two captains')
Affixations
editCompounds
edit- kapal angkasa
- kapal api / kapal asap
- kapal barang
- kapal belangkas
- kapal calu
- kapal dagang / kapal niaga
- kapal feri
- kapal haji
- kapal induk
- kapal kargo
- kapal keruk
- kapal kontena
- kapal korek
- kapal laut
- kapal layar
- kapal motor
- kapal pandu
- kapal pemair
- kapal pembinasa
- kapal pemburu
- kapal pemecah ais
- kapal pendarat
- kapal penempur
- kapal pengangkut
- kapal pengantar / kapal pengiring / kapal pengawal
- kapal penjelajah
- kapal penumpang
- kapal penyapu periup api
- kapal penyeberangan
- kapal penyusur
- kapal perang
- kapal perintis
- kapal peronda
- kapal perosak
- kapal pesiar
- kapal pesiaran
- kapal pukat
- kapal roda lambung
- kapal selam
- kapal stim / kapal wap
- kapal tangki
- kapal terbang
- kapal torpedo
- kapal udara
Descendants
edit- Ambonese Malay: kapal
- Indonesian: kapal
- → Balinese: ᬓᬧᬮ᭄ (kapal)
- → Alor: kapal
- → Balinese: ᬓᬧᬮ᭄ (kapal)
- → Buginese: ᨀᨄᨒ (kappala')
- → Chinese: 甲板 (jiǎbǎn)[1]
- → English: kappal, capel, kapal
- → Javanese: ꦏꦥꦭ꧀ (kapal)
- → Khmer: កប៉ាល់ (kaʼpal)
- → Maguindanao: kapal
- → Maranao: kapal
- → Sundanese: ᮊᮕᮜ᮪ (kapal)
- → Tboli: kafal
- → Tausug: kappal
- → Thai: กำปั่น (gam-bpàn)
References
edit- ^ Salmon Claudine. Malay (and Javanese) Loan-words in Chinese as a Mirror of Cultural Exchanges. In: Archipel, volume 78, 2009. pp. 181-208
Etymology 2
editFrom Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kapal (“thick, as a plank”). Compare to Tagalog kapal (“thick”).
Noun
editkapal (plural kapal-kapal, informal 1st possessive kapalku, 2nd possessive kapalmu, 3rd possessive kapalnya)
Affixations
editReferences
edit- Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “کڤل kapal”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 84
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “کڤل kapal”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, pages 522-3
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “kapal”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 508
Further reading
edit- “kapal” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Maranao
editEtymology
editNoun
editkapal
References
edit- A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya
Tagalog
editAlternative forms
editEtymology 1
editFrom Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kapal or Proto-Austronesian *kaS(ə)pal. Compare Indonesian kapal (“thickening skin”) and Malay kapal (“thickening skin”).
Noun
editkapál (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜎ᜔)
- thickness
- multitude; numerousness
- (colloquial, derogatory) Ellipsis of kapal ng mukha.
- Ang kapal talaga ng hayop na yun!
- The shamelessness of that animal!
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editUnknown. Possibly related to etymology 1 or an apocope from Malay kepala (“head, source (metaphorical)”), from Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “head”).
Noun
editkapál (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜎ᜔)
- figure; creation
- cake out of bread; tart
- Synonym: keyk
- kapal na tinapay ― cake of bread
- lump made of wax
- kapal na pagkit ― lump of wax
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “kapal”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
- “kapal”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
- Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves[1] (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
- Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*kapal”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
- Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*kaS(e)pal”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
Anagrams
edit- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- Ambonese Malay terms derived from Malay
- Ambonese Malay terms derived from Tamil
- Ambonese Malay lemmas
- Ambonese Malay nouns
- abs:Nautical
- Balinese non-lemma forms
- Balinese romanizations
- Cebuano lemmas
- Cebuano nouns
- ceb:Fish
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech non-lemma forms
- Czech past active participles
- Indonesian 2-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Indonesian/apal
- Rhymes:Indonesian/apal/2 syllables
- Indonesian terms inherited from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Malay
- Indonesian terms inherited from Classical Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Classical Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Tamil
- Indonesian semantic loans from English
- Indonesian terms derived from English
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Indonesian slang
- Indonesian fandom slang
- Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- id:Nautical
- Javanese non-lemma forms
- Javanese romanizations
- Mag-Anchi Ayta terms borrowed from Tagalog
- Mag-Anchi Ayta terms derived from Tagalog
- Mag-Anchi Ayta lemmas
- Mag-Anchi Ayta adjectives
- Maguindanao terms borrowed from Malay
- Maguindanao terms derived from Malay
- Maguindanao terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Maguindanao/apal
- Rhymes:Maguindanao/apal/2 syllables
- Maguindanao lemmas
- Maguindanao nouns
- Malay 2-syllable words
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/pal
- Rhymes:Malay/al
- Rhymes:Malay/al/2 syllables
- Malay terms borrowed from Tamil
- Malay terms derived from Tamil
- Malay lemmas
- Malay nouns
- Malay terms with usage examples
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- ms:Nautical
- Maranao terms borrowed from Malay
- Maranao terms derived from Malay
- Maranao lemmas
- Maranao nouns
- Tagalog terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tagalog terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tagalog terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Tagalog terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog nouns
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Tagalog colloquialisms
- Tagalog derogatory terms
- Tagalog ellipses
- Tagalog terms with usage examples
- Tagalog terms borrowed from Malay
- Tagalog terms derived from Malay
- Tagalog terms derived from Sanskrit
- tl:Breads