kham

See also: Kham, khăm, and khảm

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

𑀔𑀫𑁆 (Brahmi script)
खम् (Devanagari script)
খম্ (Bengali script)
ඛම් (Sinhalese script)
ခမ် or ၶမ် (Burmese script)
ขมฺ or ขัม (Thai script)
ᨡᨾ᩺ (Tai Tham script)
ຂມ຺ or ຂັມ (Lao script)
ខម៑ (Khmer script)
𑄈𑄟𑄴 (Chakma script)

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit क्षम् (kṣam).

Root

kham

to find bearable

Derived terms

khamati (“he endures”)

Phalura

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kham/

Adverb

kham (Perso-Arabic spelling کھم)

Co-lexicalized intensifier

References

Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “kham”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[2], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Romani

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-

Proto-Indo-European *-mós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás

Sanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá)

Prakrit 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma)

Romani kham

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma), from Sanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- + *-mós.^[1]^[2]^[3] Cognate with Hindi घाम (ghām, “heat of the sun”), Nepali घाम (ghām, “sun, sunlight”), Gujarati ઘામ (ghām, “heat, perspiration”).

Noun

kham m (nominative plural khama)

sun^[2]^[3]^[4]

Descendants

Caló: cam

References

^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “gharmá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 240
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Boretzky, Norbert, Igla, Birgit (1994) “kham”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 155a
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Yaron Matras (2002) Romani: A Linguistic Introduction‎^[1], Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 27, 34, 39, 40
^ Marcel Courthiade (2009) “o kham, -es- m. -a, -en-”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 211b

Vietnamese

Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 堪.

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [xaːm˧˧]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [kʰaːm˧˧] ~ [xaːm˧˧]
(Saigon) IPA^(key): [kʰaːm˧˧] ~ [xaːm˧˧]

Verb

kham

to endure

Derived terms

kham khổ (“miserable”)
kham nhẫn (“enduring”)

[t-1] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “gharmá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 240

[bi-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Boretzky, Norbert, Igla, Birgit (1994) “kham”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 155a

[m-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Yaron Matras (2002) Romani: A Linguistic Introduction‎^[1], Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 27, 34, 39, 40

[4] Marcel Courthiade (2009) “o kham, -es- m. -a, -en-”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 211b

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