kosha

English

Alternative forms

• kosa

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कोश (kóśa, “sheath, vessel, container, layer”).

Noun

kosha (plural koshas)

1. (philosophy) Any of five sheaths that are thought to cover the Atman, or True Self, according to Vedantic philosophy.
2. A particular type of Sanskrit dictionary.
   • 2006, Encyclopedia of language and linguistics 2ed, Elsevier, page 614:

     The koshas, which are not based on any specific text, have some unusal properties. They are written in verse and include nouns and indeclinables but not verbs. The words are arranged according to topics. They deal with synonyms and homonyms and were meant for the use of poets. The best-known kosha in Sanskrit is the lexicon prepared by a Buddhist scholar Amarasinha, who was also a poet. This dictionary is usually known as Amarakosha (‘Amara's dictionary’) rather than by its actual name, Namalinganushasana.

Related terms

Related terms

• Anandamaya kosha
• Annamaya kosha
• Manomaya kosha
• Pranamaya kosha
• Vijnanamaya kosha

Anagrams

• Ashok, Hoaks, hakos, kohas, shako

Swahili

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Somehow related to -osha?”)

Verb

-kosha (infinitive kukosha)

1. to wash
   • 1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 3:

     […] msalani ambako kulikuwa ni faragha ya mambo yote yanayohusu kujikosha, kujisafisha, kujinadhifisha, kujitoharisha na kusali.

     […] the bathroom, where there was privacy for all things related to washing oneself, cleaning oneself, tidying oneself, purifying oneself, and praying.

2. to cleanse, to absolve

Conjugation

Conjugation of -kosha
Positive present -nakosha Subjunctive -koshe Negative -koshi Imperative singular kosha
Infinitives
Positive kukosha Negative kutokosha
Imperatives
Singular kosha Plural kosheni
Tensed forms
Habitual hukosha Positive past positive subject concord + -likosha Negative past negative subject concord + -kukosha
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakosha) Singular Plural 1st person ninakosha/nakosha tunakosha 2nd person unakosha mnakosha 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakosha wanakosha other classes positive subject concord + -nakosha
Negative present (negative subject concord + -koshi) Singular Plural 1st person sikoshi hatukoshi 2nd person hukoshi hamkoshi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hakoshi hawakoshi other classes negative subject concord + -koshi
Positive future positive subject concord + -takosha Negative future negative subject concord + -takosha
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -koshe) Singular Plural 1st person nikoshe tukoshe 2nd person ukoshe mkoshe 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akoshe wakoshe other classes positive subject concord + -koshe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sikoshe Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekosha Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekosha Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikosha Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikosha
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akosha) Singular Plural 1st person nakosha twakosha 2nd person wakosha mwakosha 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akosha wakosha m-mi(III/IV) wakosha yakosha ji-ma(V/VI) lakosha yakosha ki-vi(VII/VIII) chakosha vyakosha n(IX/X) yakosha zakosha u(XI) wakosha see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwakosha pa(XVI) pakosha mu(XVIII) mwakosha
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekosha "Already" positive subject concord + -meshakosha "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jakosha "If/When" positive subject concord + -kikosha "If not" positive subject concord + -sipokosha Consecutive kakosha / positive subject concord + -kakosha Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kakoshe
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nikosha -tukosha 2nd person -kukosha -wakosha/-kukosheni/-wakosheni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mkosha -wakosha m-mi(III/IV) -ukosha -ikosha ji-ma(V/VI) -likosha -yakosha ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kikosha -vikosha n(IX/X) -ikosha -zikosha u(XI) -ukosha see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kukosha pa(XVI) -pakosha mu(XVIII) -mukosha Reflexive -jikosha
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kosha- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -koshaye -koshao m-mi(III/IV) -koshao -koshayo ji-ma(V/VI) -koshalo -koshayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -koshacho -koshavyo n(IX/X) -koshayo -koshazo u(XI) -koshao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -koshako pa(XVI) -koshapo mu(XVIII) -koshamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kosha) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yekosha -okosha m-mi(III/IV) -okosha -yokosha ji-ma(V/VI) -lokosha -yokosha ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokosha -vyokosha n(IX/X) -yokosha -zokosha u(XI) -okosha see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kokosha pa(XVI) -pokosha mu(XVIII) -mokosha
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.