läuten
German
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German liuten, from Old High German hlūten, from Proto-West Germanic *hlūdijan (“to make sound”), factitive of *hlūdēn (“to sound”), whence lauten. Equivalent to Laut + -en. Cognate with Dutch luiden. In Middle High German, the distinction between both verbs was increasingly lost, i.e. läuten came to be used intransitively. In Modern German, the two forms were then redistributed on semantic grounds: läuten was restricted to bells while lauten survives only in the figurative sense “to read, have a content”.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editläuten (weak, third-person singular present läutet, past tense läutete, past participle geläutet, auxiliary haben)
- (transitive or intransitive) to ring, toll (a bell)
- Synonyms: schlagen, anschlagen, klingeln (mit)
- Der Küster läutet die Glocken.
- The sexton tolls the bells.
- (intransitive, of a bell) to ring, toll
- (intransitive) to ring (at a door, front desk, etc.)
- (impersonal, of a doorbell etc.) to ring
Conjugation
editinfinitive | läuten | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | läutend | ||||
past participle | geläutet | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich läute | wir läuten | i | ich läute | wir läuten |
du läutest | ihr läutet | du läutest | ihr läutet | ||
er läutet | sie läuten | er läute | sie läuten | ||
preterite | ich läutete | wir läuteten | ii | ich läutete1 | wir läuteten1 |
du läutetest | ihr läutetet | du läutetest1 | ihr läutetet1 | ||
er läutete | sie läuteten | er läutete1 | sie läuteten1 | ||
imperative | läut (du) läute (du) |
läutet (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Further reading
editGutnish
editAdjective
editläuten
Categories:
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
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