laboro

See also: laboró

Catalan

Verb

laboro

first-person singular present indicative of laborar

Esperanto

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

IPA^(key): [laˈboro]
Rhymes: -oro
Hyphenation: la‧bo‧ro

Noun

laboro (accusative singular laboron, plural laboroj, accusative plural laborojn)

job, work
Synonym: posteno

Derived terms

Ido

Noun

laboro (plural labori)

work

Latin

Etymology

From labor.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /laˈboː.roː/, [ɫ̪äˈboːroː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /laˈbo.ro/, [läˈbɔːro]

Verb

labōrō (present infinitive labōrāre, perfect active labōrāvī, supine labōrātum); first conjugation, limited passive

to toil, labor, work
Synonyms: operor, exerceō, vertō, versō
to endeavor, strive
Synonyms: lūctor, ēlabōrō, certō, cōnītor, cōnor, temptō, appetō, affectō, tendō, quaerō, studeō, ēnītor, contendō, adnītor, īnsequor, pugnō, molior, perīclitor, nītor, spectō
to suffer, be oppressed, be afflicted with
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.10:
  ne ab re frumentaria duris subvectionibus laboraret
  lest he should be afflicted with hard conveyances by the provisions
to be imperiled
(transitive) to produce
to eclipse (said of the sun or moon)

Conjugation

Conjugation of labōrō (first conjugation, only third-person forms in passive)

indicative		singular			plural
indicative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	labōrō	labōrās	labōrat	labōrāmus	labōrātis	labōrant
	imperfect	labōrābam	labōrābās	labōrābat	labōrābāmus	labōrābātis	labōrābant
	future	labōrābō	labōrābis	labōrābit	labōrābimus	labōrābitis	labōrābunt
	perfect	labōrāvī	labōrāvistī, labōrāstī¹	labōrāvit, labōrāt¹	labōrāvimus, labōrāmus¹	labōrāvistis, labōrāstis¹	labōrāvērunt, labōrāvēre, labōrārunt¹
	pluperfect	labōrāveram, labōrāram¹	labōrāverās, labōrārās¹	labōrāverat, labōrārat¹	labōrāverāmus, labōrārāmus¹	labōrāverātis, labōrārātis¹	labōrāverant, labōrārant¹
	future perfect	labōrāverō, labōrārō¹	labōrāveris, labōrāris¹	labōrāverit, labōrārit¹	labōrāverimus, labōrārimus¹	labōrāveritis, labōrāritis¹	labōrāverint, labōrārint¹
passive	present	—	—	labōrātur	—	—	labōrantur
	imperfect	—	—	labōrābātur	—	—	labōrābantur
	future	—	—	labōrābitur	—	—	labōrābuntur
	perfect	—	—	labōrātus est	—	—	labōrātī sunt
	pluperfect	—	—	labōrātus erat	—	—	labōrātī erant
	future perfect	—	—	labōrātus erit	—	—	labōrātī erunt
subjunctive		singular			plural
subjunctive		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	labōrem	labōrēs	labōret	labōrēmus	labōrētis	labōrent
imperfect	labōrārem	labōrārēs	labōrāret	labōrārēmus	labōrārētis	labōrārent
perfect	labōrāverim, labōrārim¹	labōrāverīs, labōrārīs¹	labōrāverit, labōrārit¹	labōrāverīmus, labōrārīmus¹	labōrāverītis, labōrārītis¹	labōrāverint, labōrārint¹
pluperfect	labōrāvissem, labōrāssem¹	labōrāvissēs, labōrāssēs¹	labōrāvisset, labōrāsset¹	labōrāvissēmus, labōrāssēmus¹	labōrāvissētis, labōrāssētis¹	labōrāvissent, labōrāssent¹
passive	present	—	—	labōrētur	—	—	labōrentur
imperfect	—	—	labōrārētur	—	—	labōrārentur
perfect	—	—	labōrātus sit	—	—	labōrātī sint
pluperfect	—	—	labōrātus esset, labōrātus foret	—	—	labōrātī essent, labōrātī forent
imperative		singular			plural
imperative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	labōrā	—	—	labōrāte	—
active	future	—	labōrātō	labōrātō	—	labōrātōte	labōrantō
non-finite forms		active			passive
non-finite forms		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		labōrāre	labōrāvisse, labōrāsse¹	labōrātūrum esse	labōrārī	labōrātum esse	labōrātum īrī
participles		labōrāns	—	labōrātūrus	—	labōrātus	labōrandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		labōrandī	labōrandō	labōrandum	labōrandō	labōrātum	labōrātū

¹At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Dalmatian:
- lavorar
Italo-Romance:
- Italian: lavorare
- Neapolitan: laurà, laborà (“plough”)
- Sicilian: lavurari (“to plough”)
- Tuscan and Central Italian: lavorà, laorà (“plough, work”)
Padanian: (trisyllabic forms may be borrowed from Italian)
- Emilian: lavorar, laurar
- Friulian: lavorâ
- Istriot: lavurà
- Lombard: laurà
- Piedmontese: lauré (“plough”)
- Romansch: lavurar, luvrar (Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran)
- Venetan: łavorar, łaorar, laorar, lavorar
Southern Gallo-Romance (all meaning 'plough'):
- Aragonese: labrar
  Ribagorçan: llaurar, llabrar
- Old Catalan: laurar
  - Catalan: llaurar
- Old Occitan: laorar
  - Occitan: laurar, laborar, lavorar
    Septentrional Lengadocian: llaurar
Ibero-Romance (all meaning 'plough'):
- Old Leonese:
  - Asturian: llabrar
- Old Galician-Portuguese: lavrar
  - Galician: labrar
  - Portuguese: lavrar
- Old Spanish:
  - Spanish: labrar
Borrowings:
- → Albanian: lëroj
- → Asturian: llaborar
- → Catalan: laborar
- → Galician: laborar
- → Old French: laborer
  - Middle French: labourer
    - French: labourer
  - Norman: labouother
  - → Middle English: labouren
    - English: labour, labor (US)
    - Scots: laubour
- → Portuguese: laborar
- → Spanish: laborar

References

“laboro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“laboro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
laboro in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to be tormented by hunger, to be starving: fame laborare, premi
- to have the gout: ex pedibus laborare, pedibus aegrum esse
- to suffer from want of a thing: inopia alicuius rei laborare, premi
- to expend great labour on a thing: operam (laborem, curam) in or ad aliquid impendere
- to work without intermission: laborem non intermittere
- to lose one's labour: inanem laborem suscipere
- to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: contendere et laborare, ut
- to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: pro viribus eniti et laborare, ut
- not to trouble oneself about a thing: non laborare de aliqua re
- to have pecuniary difficulties: laborare de pecunia
- (ambiguous) to drain the cup of sorrow: omnes labores exanclare
- (ambiguous) rest after toil is sweet: acti labores iucundi (proverb.)

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /laˈboɾo/ [laˈβ̞o.ɾo]
Rhymes: -oɾo
Syllabification: la‧bo‧ro

Verb

laboro

first-person singular present indicative of laborar