languir

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French languir, from Late Latin languīre, from Latin languēre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lɑ̃.ɡiʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

languir

1. (intransitive) to languish
2. (intransitive) to lie torpid
3. (intransitive) to flag, die down, slack off, be slack
4. (intransitive) to wither, weaken
5. (reflexive, with de) to long, pine, or yearn (for)

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of languir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	languir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	languissant /lɑ̃.ɡi.sɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		langui /lɑ̃.ɡi/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	languis /lɑ̃.ɡi/	languis /lɑ̃.ɡi/	languit /lɑ̃.ɡi/	languissons /lɑ̃.ɡi.sɔ̃/	languissez /lɑ̃.ɡi.se/	languissent /lɑ̃.ɡis/
	imperfect	languissais /lɑ̃.ɡi.sɛ/	languissais /lɑ̃.ɡi.sɛ/	languissait /lɑ̃.ɡi.sɛ/	languissions /lɑ̃.ɡi.sjɔ̃/	languissiez /lɑ̃.ɡi.sje/	languissaient /lɑ̃.ɡi.sɛ/
	past historic2	languis /lɑ̃.ɡi/	languis /lɑ̃.ɡi/	languit /lɑ̃.ɡi/	languîmes /lɑ̃.ɡim/	languîtes /lɑ̃.ɡit/	languirent /lɑ̃.ɡiʁ/
	future	languirai /lɑ̃.ɡi.ʁe/	languiras /lɑ̃.ɡi.ʁa/	languira /lɑ̃.ɡi.ʁa/	languirons /lɑ̃.ɡi.ʁɔ̃/	languirez /lɑ̃.ɡi.ʁe/	languiront /lɑ̃.ɡi.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	languirais /lɑ̃.ɡi.ʁɛ/	languirais /lɑ̃.ɡi.ʁɛ/	languirait /lɑ̃.ɡi.ʁɛ/	languirions /lɑ̃.ɡi.ʁjɔ̃/	languiriez /lɑ̃.ɡi.ʁje/	languiraient /lɑ̃.ɡi.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	languisse /lɑ̃.ɡis/	languisses /lɑ̃.ɡis/	languisse /lɑ̃.ɡis/	languissions /lɑ̃.ɡi.sjɔ̃/	languissiez /lɑ̃.ɡi.sje/	languissent /lɑ̃.ɡis/
	imperfect2	languisse /lɑ̃.ɡis/	languisses /lɑ̃.ɡis/	languît /lɑ̃.ɡi/	languissions /lɑ̃.ɡi.sjɔ̃/	languissiez /lɑ̃.ɡi.sje/	languissent /lɑ̃.ɡis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	languis /lɑ̃.ɡi/	—	languissons /lɑ̃.ɡi.sɔ̃/	languissez /lɑ̃.ɡi.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “languir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Old French

Etymology

From Late Latin languīre, from Latin languēre.

Verb

languir

1. to suffer a long, distressing illness

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a second-group verb (ending in -ir, with an -iss- infix). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of languir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		languir			avoir langui
gerund		en languissant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		languissant
past participle		langui
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	languis	languis	languist	languissons	languissez	languissent
	imperfect	languissoie, languisseie	languissoies, languisseies	languissoit, languisseit	languissiiens, languissiens	languissiiez, languissiez	languissoient, languisseient
	preterite	langui	languis	langui	languimes	languistes	languirent
	future	languirai	languiras	languira	languirons	languiroiz, languireiz, languirez	languiront
	conditional	languiroie, languireie	languiroies, languireies	languiroit, languireit	languiriiens, languiriens	languiriiez, languiriez	languiroient, languireient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	languisse	languisses	languisse	languissons	languissez	languissent
	imperfect	languisse	languisses	languist	languissons, languissiens	languissoiz, languissez, languissiez	languissent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	languis	—	languissons	languissez	—

Descendants

• French: languir
• → Middle English: languysshen
  • English: languish

References

• languir on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub