Wiktionary

lumbus

English

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin lumbus. Doublet of loin.

Noun

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lumbus (plural lumbi)

  2. (anatomy) Synonym of loin.

Latin

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“to enter, penetrate, expand”), cognate with Old English lynd (“fat, grease”), lendenu (“loins”), Proto-Slavic *lędvьje (“loins”), Sanskrit रन्ध्र (rándhra, “fissure”). The expected outcome of *-ndʰ- in Latin is /-nd-/: the /b/ can be explained as a secondary development from /dw/ (as in bonus) in a form *londwo-,[1] which De Vaan derives from the u-stem *lendʰu-.[2] Sihler instead suggests that the /b/ can be explained by borrowing from Oscan-Umbrian.[3] Alternatively, borrowing from Proto-Germanic *lundwuz (“loin, kidney fat”) is also a possibility.[4]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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lumbus m (genitive lumbī); second declension

  1. (anatomy) loin
  2. (Late Latin) lumbar
  3. (in the plural) genitals

Declension

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Second-declension noun.

singular plural
nominative lumbus lumbī
genitive lumbī lumbōrum
dative lumbō lumbīs
accusative lumbum lumbōs
ablative lumbō lumbīs
vocative lumbe lumbī

Descendants

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  • Asturian: llombu
  • Catalan: llom
  • Extremaduran: lombu
  • → French: lombes
  • Italian: lombo
  • Latin: *lumbeus, -a, -um[5]
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: lombo
  • Old Spanish: lombo

References

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  1. ^ Parker, Holt Neumon (1988) The relative chronology of some major Latin sound changes, page 294
  2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “lumbus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 352
  3. ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 141
  4. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “loin”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
  5. ^ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “*lŭmbeus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 5: J L, page 442

Further reading

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  • “lumbus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “lumbus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • lumbus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • lumbus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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