martyr
English
editEtymology
editFrom Middle English martir, from Old English martyr, itself a borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).
Pronunciation
edit- (General Australian) IPA(key): /ˈmɐːtə(ɹ)/, [ˈmɐːtə(ɹ)], [ˈmɐːɾə(ɹ)]
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈmɑːtə(ɹ)/[1]
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈmɑɹ.tɚ/, [ˈmɑɹ.ɾɚ][1]
- Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)tə(ɹ)
Audio (US): (file) Audio (UK): (file) - Hyphenation: mar‧tyr
Noun
editmartyr (plural martyrs)
- One who willingly accepts being put to death for adhering openly to one's religious beliefs; notably, saints canonized after martyrdom.
- Saint Stephen was the first Christian martyr.
- (by extension) One who sacrifices their life, station, or something of great personal value, for the sake of principle or to sustain a cause.
- (with a prepositional phrase of cause) One who suffers greatly and/or constantly, even involuntarily.
- Stan is a martyr to arthritis, Chris a martyr to Stan's endless moaning about it.
- 1937, AJ Cronin, The Citadel:
- He'd been a martyr to asthma all his life.
- 1982, J. G. Thirlwell (lyrics and music), “J.Q. Murder”, in Ache, performed by You've Got Foetus on Your Breath:
- J.Q. Murder wears sandpaper suits
Broken glass in pocket, barbed wire boots
Not because he's mean, but because he's a martyr
He makes Jackie Collins look like Jean-Paul Sartre
Antonyms
editHyponyms
editDerived terms
editRelated terms
editTranslations
edit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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Verb
editmartyr (third-person singular simple present martyrs, present participle martyring, simple past and past participle martyred)
- (transitive) To make someone into a martyr by putting them to death for adhering to, or acting in accordance with, some belief, especially religious; to sacrifice on account of faith or profession.
- (transitive) To persecute.
- Some religious and other minorities were martyred until extinction.
- (transitive) To torment; to torture.
- c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:
- Hark, wretches, how I mean to martyr you.
This one hand yet is left to cut your throats,
Whiles that Lavinia ’tween her stumps doth hold
The basin that receives your guilty blood.
- 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IIII, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, stanza 2, page 94:
- […] The louely Amoret, whoſe gentle hart
Thou martyreſt with ſorow and with ſmart, […]
Synonyms
editDerived terms
editTranslations
edit
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References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “martyr”, in OED Online , Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
Danish
editEtymology
editFrom Old Danish martir. Borrowed via Ecclesiastical Latin martyr from Ancient Greek μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editmartyr c (singular definite martyren, plural indefinite martyrer)
Declension
editcommon gender |
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | martyr | martyren | martyrer | martyrerne |
genitive | martyrs | martyrens | martyrers | martyrernes |
References
edit- “martyr” in Den Danske Ordbog
French
editEtymology
editInherited from Old French martire, borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editmartyr m (plural martyrs, feminine martyre)
Related terms
editFurther reading
edit- “martyr”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Latin
editEtymology
editFrom Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈmar.tyr/, [ˈmärt̪ʏr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈmar.tir/, [ˈmärt̪ir]
Noun
editmartyr m or f (genitive martyris); third declension
- (Ecclesiastical Latin) martyr, especially a Christian martyr
Declension
editThird-declension noun.
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | martyr | martyrēs |
genitive | martyris | martyrum |
dative | martyrī | martyribus |
accusative | martyrem | martyrēs |
ablative | martyre | martyribus |
vocative | martyr | martyrēs |
Related terms
editDescendants
edit- → Proto-Brythonic: *merθɨr (see there for further descendants)
- → Danish: martyr
- → Dutch: martelaar
- → Estonian: märter
- → Finnish: marttyyri
- → Old French: martire
- → German: Märtyrer
- → Hungarian: mártír
- → Old Irish: martar
- Old Italian: martore
- → Italian: martire
- Lombard: màrtul
- Neapolitan: marture
- → Norwegian: martyr
- → Old Occitan:
- → Old Galician-Portuguese:
- Romanian: martor
- Sardinian: màrturu
- Sicilian: màrtiri
- → Scottish Gaelic: martair
- → Spanish: mártir
- → Tagalog: martir
- → Swedish: martyr
References
edit- “martyr”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- martyr in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
Norman
editEtymology
editFrom Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).
Noun
editmartyr m (plural martyrs)
Norwegian Bokmål
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).
Noun
editmartyr m (definite singular martyren, indefinite plural martyrer, definite plural martyrene)
Related terms
editReferences
edit- “martyr” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).
Noun
editmartyr m (definite singular martyren, indefinite plural martyrar, definite plural martyrane)
Related terms
editReferences
edit- “martyr” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).
Noun
editmartyr m
- martyr
- late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
- Þā sē hālga martyr mid þām Hālgan Gāst āfylled smearcode mid mūþe and tō þām mānfullan cwæþ "Ūs ġedafenaþ tō offriġenne þām undēadlīċum gode."
- Then the holy martyr, filled with the Holy Spirit, smiled with his mouth and to the evil man said "It benefits us to sacrifice to the immortal God."
- late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
Declension
editStrong a-stem:
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | martyr | martyras |
accusative | martyr | martyras |
genitive | martyres | martyra |
dative | martyre | martyrum |
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “martyr”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary[1], 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Swedish
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).
Pronunciation
edit- Rhymes: -yːr
Noun
editmartyr c
Declension
editRelated terms
editFurther reading
edit- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms derived from Ecclesiastical Latin
- English terms derived from Ancient Greek
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)tə(ɹ)
- Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)tə(ɹ)/2 syllables
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms with quotations
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- en:People
- en:Religion
- Danish terms inherited from Old Danish
- Danish terms derived from Old Danish
- Danish terms borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin
- Danish terms derived from Ecclesiastical Latin
- Danish terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish common-gender nouns
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin
- French terms derived from Ecclesiastical Latin
- French terms derived from Ancient Greek
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin third declension nouns
- Latin masculine nouns in the third declension
- Latin feminine nouns in the third declension
- Latin terms spelled with Y
- Latin masculine nouns
- Latin feminine nouns
- Latin nouns with multiple genders
- Ecclesiastical Latin
- Norman terms derived from Ecclesiastical Latin
- Norman terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Norman lemmas
- Norman nouns
- Norman masculine nouns
- nrf:Religion
- Norwegian Bokmål terms borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Ecclesiastical Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Ecclesiastical Latin
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns
- Old English terms borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin
- Old English terms derived from Ecclesiastical Latin
- Old English terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Old English lemmas
- Old English nouns
- Old English masculine nouns
- Old English terms with quotations
- Old English masculine a-stem nouns
- ang:Religion
- Swedish terms borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin
- Swedish terms derived from Ecclesiastical Latin
- Swedish terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Rhymes:Swedish/yːr
- Rhymes:Swedish/yːr/2 syllables
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns